Dodecatheon clevelandii |
Dodecatheon amethystinum |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
padre's shootingstar |
jeweled shootingstar |
|||||||||||||
Habit | Plants (7–)10–40 cm; scape glabrous, usually glandular-puberulent apically. | Plants 10–50 cm; scape glabrous. | ||||||||||||
Caudices | not obvious at anthesis; roots tannish; bulblets absent. |
not obvious at anthesis; roots white; bulblets absent. |
||||||||||||
Leaves | (1–)3–18(–20) × 0.5–4(–5) cm; petiole usually slender; blade oblanceolate to spatulate, base usually not decurrent onto stem, narrowing abruptly to petiole, margins usually entire, rarely finely denticulate, surfaces usually glabrous, sometimes with sessile glands. |
4–25 × 1–8 cm; petiole often winged; blade oblanceolate to oblong, base decurrent onto stem, often gradually tapering to petiole, margins entire, surfaces glabrous. |
||||||||||||
Inflorescences | (1–)5–18-flowered; bracts usually narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, rarely oblanceolate, 3–22 mm, usually glandular, sometimes glabrous. |
1–10(–24)-flowered; bracts narrowly or broadly lanceolate, 2–10 mm, glabrous. |
||||||||||||
Pedicels | 2–5 cm, sparsely to moderately glandular-puberulent. |
1–5 cm, glandular at proximal 1 or 2 nodes, glabrous distally. |
||||||||||||
Flowers | calyx light greenish, 5.5–8.5 mm, glandular-pubescent abaxially, tube 1.5–2.5 mm, lobes 5, 3–6 mm; corolla tube yellow with dark maroon, thick, often wavy ring, lobes 5, magenta or white, 6–25(–30) mm; filaments connate, tube yellow or dark maroon to black, 2.5–4 × 3–4 mm; anthers 3–5 mm; pollen sacs yellow or dark purple, connective yellow or maroon to black, transversely rugose; stigma not enlarged compared to style. |
calyx light green to green, 3–8(–10) mm, glabrous, tube 3–5 mm, lobes 5, (1–)3–7 mm; corolla tube usually maroon with maroon, thin, wavy ring, lobes 5, pink to purplish, rarely white, 8–20 mm; filaments connate, tube maroon, 0.5–2(–2.5) × 2–3.5 mm; anthers (3.5–)5–7.5(–8.5) mm; pollen sacs reddish to maroon, rarely pale, connective maroon, smooth; stigma not enlarged compared to style. |
||||||||||||
Capsules | yellowish or reddish tan, often suffused with purple, valvate or operculate, cylindric-ovoid, 8–16 × 4–7 mm, glabrous or glandular-puberulent; walls thin, pliable. |
light brown to reddish brown or yellowish, valvate, cylindric-ovoid, 7–16 × 3–5 mm, glabrous; walls thin, pliable. |
||||||||||||
Seeds | without membrane along edges. |
without membrane along edges. |
||||||||||||
2n | = 44, 66, 88. |
|||||||||||||
Dodecatheon clevelandii |
Dodecatheon amethystinum |
|||||||||||||
Phenology | Flowering late spring–early summer. | |||||||||||||
Habitat | Moist slopes and limestone cliffs mainly in hardwood woodlands | |||||||||||||
Elevation | 70-300 m (200-1000 ft) | |||||||||||||
Distribution |
CA; nw Mexico
|
IA; IL; MN; MO; PA; WI
|
||||||||||||
Discussion | Varieties 4 (4 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Dodecatheon amethystinum is found mainly on, and at the bases of, limestone cliffs in hardwood forests from southwestern Wisconsin and adjacent southeastern Minnesota to northeastern Iowa, western Illinois, and eastern Missouri. It is disjunct to the eastern Appalachian Mountains of southeastern Pennsylvania; reports from northern West Virginia are based on specimens of D. meadia. Vegetatively, D. amethystinum is allied to D. meadia although its thin-walled (rather than thick and firm) fruit is like that of D. pulchellum. The only truly distinguishing feature between it and D. meadia is the fully mature capsules (L. H. Klotz and C. Loeffler 2007). In D. amethystinum, length of the light to reddish brown or yellowish capsule often is more than three times the diameter. The length of the dark reddish brown capsule of D. meadia is less than three times the diameter. As noted by H. H. Iltis and W. M. Shaughnessy (1960), D. amethystinum tends to grow on moist cliff faces and bluffs; D. meadia tends to occur on drier sites in prairie settings and in deciduous woodlands. Dodecatheon meadia is sometimes found in moist areas, and even on cliff faces; these sites are still comparatively drier. According to A. F. Cholewa, some populations in southern Minnesota that she considers to be D. amethystinum have leaves that are relatively broad and tend not to taper gradually to the petiole. In that light, continued recognition of D. amethystinum at the species level becomes dubious. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
||||||||||||
Key |
|
|||||||||||||
Source | FNA vol. 8, p. 274. | FNA vol. 8, p. 285. | ||||||||||||
Parent taxa | Primulaceae > Dodecatheon | Primulaceae > Dodecatheon | ||||||||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||||||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||||||||||
Synonyms | Primula clevelandii | D. meadia var. amethystinum, Primula fassettii | ||||||||||||
Name authority | Greene: Pittonia 1: 213. 1888 (as clevelandi), | (Fassett) Fassett: Rhodora 33: 224. 1931 , | ||||||||||||
Web links |