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frigid shooting star, tillamook shooting star, tundra shooting star

western arctic shootingstar

Habit Plants (5–)10–45 cm; scape usually glabrous, glandular-puberulent distally. Plants (4–)8–30(–40) cm; scape glandular-puberulent.
Caudices

not obvious at anthesis;

roots white;

bulblets absent.

obvious at anthesis, often horizontal and elongated, slender to stout, (often woody);

roots reddish;

bulblets absent.

Leaves

2.5–30 × 0.7–7 cm;

petiole winged;

blade narrowly to broadly elliptic or ovate, base decurrent onto stem, gradually tapering to petiole, margins entire or irregularly sinuate-dentate to denticulate, surfaces glabrous.

(2–)3.5–12(–19) × 0.7–2.5(–4.5) cm;

petiole slightly winged or slender (at least basally);

blade ovate to oval, rarely oblong to spatulate, base slightly to obviously decurrent onto stem, abruptly tapering to petiole, margins subentire to crenate-dentate, surfaces minutely glandular-puberulent or glabrous.

Inflorescences

1–7-flowered;

bracts lanceolate, 2.5–10 mm, glandular-puberulent.

2–7-flowered;

bracts narrowly lanceolate, 3–8 mm, glandular-puberulent.

Pedicels

(0.4–)0.5–4.5(–5.5) cm, glandular-puberulent, sometimes glabrous.

0.5–2.5(–3) cm, glandular-puberulent.

Flowers

calyx green, 5–11 mm, glabrous or glandular (at least on margins of lobes), tube 1–2.5(–3) mm, lobes 5, 3–9 mm;

corolla tube white with reddish to purplish, thin, wavy ring, lobes 5, magenta, (9–)15–20(–23) mm;

filaments distinct, dark maroon to dark purple, 0.5–1.8 mm;

anthers (4.5–)6–8 mm;

pollen sacs maroon to dark purple, connective dark purple, smooth;

stigma not enlarged compared to style.

calyx green to dark green, sometimes speckled with reddish purple, 4–7 mm, glandular-puberulent, tube 1.5–3 mm, lobes 5, (2–)2.5–4 mm;

corolla tube yellow or rarely white with or sometimes without maroon, thick, wavy ring, lobes 5, pink or magenta to lavender, rarely white, (5–)8–15(–20) mm;

filaments distinct or slightly connate, maroon, 0.2–0.8 mm;

anthers (3–)4–6 mm;

pollen sacs usually maroon, sometimes pale purple and speckled with maroon, connective black, smooth;

stigma not enlarged compared to style.

Capsules

greenish to tannish with purple speckles, often purplish apically, operculate or valvate, ovoid, 6–16 × 3.5–5.5(–7) mm, glabrous;

walls thin, pliable.

reddish brown to purplish, operculate, cylindric-ovoid, 6–12 × 3–4.5(–5) mm, glabrous or slightly glandular-puberulent apically;

walls thin, pliable.

Seeds

without membrane along edges.

without membrane along edges.

2n

= 88.

= 44.

Dodecatheon austrofrigidum

Dodecatheon frigidum

Phenology Flowering spring. Flowering summer.
Habitat Moist basaltic slopes, ridges, streamsides, and cliff faces in conifer woodlands near waterfalls and along streams or in high-elevation, tundralike, grassland communities Moist to boggy depressions, flats and rocky, often calcareous slopes, stream banks, lake shores, outcrops and screes mainly in meadows, low dunes, sparse conifer woodland, willow and heath tundra communities near melting snow or on permafrost
Elevation 30-1200 m (100-3900 ft) 0-1700(-1900) m (0-5600(-6200) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
OR; WA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AK; BC; NT; SK; YT; e Asia (Russian Far East)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Of conservation concern.

Dodecatheon austrofrigidum occurs mainly in the mountains near the coast of Washington from the southern Olympic Peninsula (Grays Harbor and Pacific counties) to northwestern Oregon (Clatsop and Tillamook counties). The populations are widely scattered and always with relatively few individuals. At higher elevations (e.g., ca. 1200 m atop Saddle Mountain, Tillamook County), D. austrofrigidum occurs in moist, grassy turf. At lower elevations in the same area, it occurs on stream banks in the narrow zone between the high- and low-water mark, persisting in cracks of basaltic rocks. The degree of denticulation of the leaves appears to vary among populations; some larger plants have toothed leaf blades even prior to anthesis.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Dodecatheon frigidum is the northernmost species in the genus. It is found from northern British Columbia, southern Northwest Territories (Mackenzie District), and northwestern Saskatchewan, and Yukon (including its northern islands), and most of Alaska except near the immediate southern coast and Aleutian Islands. The species is disjunct onto the Chukotsk Peninsula in the Russian Far East. The elongated, usually woody, nearly horizontal caudex is diagnostic.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 8, p. 278. FNA vol. 8, p. 277.
Parent taxa Primulaceae > Dodecatheon Primulaceae > Dodecatheon
Sibling taxa
D. alpinum, D. amethystinum, D. clevelandii, D. conjugens, D. dentatum, D. ellisiae, D. frenchii, D. frigidum, D. hendersonii, D. jeffreyi, D. meadia, D. poeticum, D. pulchellum, D. redolens, D. subalpinum, D. utahense
D. alpinum, D. amethystinum, D. austrofrigidum, D. clevelandii, D. conjugens, D. dentatum, D. ellisiae, D. frenchii, D. hendersonii, D. jeffreyi, D. meadia, D. poeticum, D. pulchellum, D. redolens, D. subalpinum, D. utahense
Synonyms Primula austrofrigida Primula frigida
Name authority K. L. Chambers: Sida 22: 462, figs. 1–3. 2006 , Chamisso & Schlechtendal: Linnaea 1: 222. (1826)
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