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shieldpod, spectacle-pod

beach shieldpod, beach spectaclepod

Habit Annuals or perennials; (rhizomatous); not scapose; densely pubescent, trichomes stalked, stellate to subdendritic, sometimes as simple clavate papillae on fruits. Perennials; (rhizomatous).
Stems

erect or decumbent, branched basally and distally.

several from base, decumbent, unbranched or branched (few) distally, 1–2.1 dm.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiolate or subsessile;

basal rosulate, petiolate, blade margins dentate, sometimes repand, rarely pinnatifid;

cauline petiolate, sessile, or subsessile, blade margins entire, dentate, or repand.

Basal leaves

petiole 1–6(–8) cm;

blade broadly ovate to suborbicular or oblanceolate, 1–5(–6) cm × 7–40 mm, base cuneate, margins dentate, sometimes repand.

Cauline leaves

(distal) shortly petiolate to subsessile;

blade ovate or oblong, 1–3 cm × 8–20 mm, base cuneate, margins entire, sometimes repand.

Racemes

(densely corymbose), considerably elongated or not elongated in fruit.

not elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals erect, linear or oblong-linear, (forming tube, connivent), lateral pair saccate basally;

petals (erect), white, lavender, or purplish, lingulate, (longer than sepals), claw undifferentiated from blade;

stamens (erect), tetradynamous;

filaments not dilated basally, (filiform);

anthers narrowly linear or sagittate;

nectar glands: lateral annular, median confluent with lateral; (gynophore to 0.5 mm).

sepals lavender, oblong-linear, (6–)7–10 × 0.8–1.2 mm;

petals white to purplish, 12–15 × 2.5–3.5 mm;

filaments 5.5–7.5 mm;

anthers 2–3 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate, stout, (straight, with 2 well-developed glands basally).

1.5–2.5 mm.

Fruits

silicles, sessile or shortly stipitate, didymous, not winged, strongly angustiseptate;

valves 1-seeded, ovate, suborbicular, or slightly broader than long, keeled, enclosing seeds when falling off, indurated around margin, (rim raised), pubescent (with branched or clavate, simple papillae);

replum concealed by valve margin;

septum complete;

ovules 2 per ovary;

style distinct, (pubescent);

stigma capitate, entire.

valves suborbicular, 8–11 × 8–10 mm, base and apex rounded, pubescent, trichomes stellate, sessile, sometimes mixed with basally forked, or, rarely, simple ones (clavate papillae absent);

style 0.3–1 mm.

Seeds

aseriate, flattened, not winged, oblong;

seed coat (smooth), not mucilaginous when wetted;

cotyledons accumbent.

3–4 × 2–2.5 mm.

x

= 10.

2n

= 60.

Dithyrea

Dithyrea maritima

Phenology Flowering Mar–Aug.
Habitat Seashores, coastal sand dunes
Elevation 0-50 m (0-200 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
sw United States; nw Mexico
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Annuals; racemes elongated in fruit; fruit valves 3.5-5(-6) × 4-6(-7) mm, trichomes as simple, clavate papillae (stellate hairs absent or, rarely, restricted to fruit margins).
D. californica
1. Perennials; racemes not elongated in fruit; fruit valves 8-11 × 8-10 mm, trichomes sessile, stellate, sometimes mixed with forked or, rarely, simple ones (clavate papillae absent).
D. maritima
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 607. Author: Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz. FNA vol. 7, p. 608.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Physarieae Brassicaceae > tribe Physarieae > Dithyrea
Sibling taxa
D. californica
Subordinate taxa
D. californica, D. maritima
Synonyms Biscutella californica var. maritima, D. californica var. maritima
Name authority Harvey: London J. Bot. 4: 77, plate 5. (1845) (Davidson) Davidson: in A. Davidson and G. L. Moxley, Fl. S. Calif., 151. (1923)
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