Dithyrea |
Dithyrea californica |
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shieldpod, spectacle-pod |
California shieldpod, spectacle pod |
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Habit | Annuals or perennials; (rhizomatous); not scapose; densely pubescent, trichomes stalked, stellate to subdendritic, sometimes as simple clavate papillae on fruits. | Annuals. | ||||
Stems | erect or decumbent, branched basally and distally. |
few to several from base, erect, branched distally, (0.7–)1–6(–7) dm. |
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Leaves | basal and cauline; petiolate or subsessile; basal rosulate, petiolate, blade margins dentate, sometimes repand, rarely pinnatifid; cauline petiolate, sessile, or subsessile, blade margins entire, dentate, or repand. |
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Basal leaves | petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5) cm; blade lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ovate, (1.2–)2–5(–6) cm × (5–)10–20(–30) mm, base cuneate, margins usually dentate, sinuate, rarely pinnatifid. |
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Cauline leaves | (distal) shortly petiolate or sessile; blade ovate, lanceolate, or oblong, 1–4(–5) cm × (3–)10–20(–30) mm, base cuneate, margins entire, dentate, or repand. |
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Racemes | (densely corymbose), considerably elongated or not elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
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Flowers | sepals erect, linear or oblong-linear, (forming tube, connivent), lateral pair saccate basally; petals (erect), white, lavender, or purplish, lingulate, (longer than sepals), claw undifferentiated from blade; stamens (erect), tetradynamous; filaments not dilated basally, (filiform); anthers narrowly linear or sagittate; nectar glands: lateral annular, median confluent with lateral; (gynophore to 0.5 mm). |
sepals purple to lavender, linear, (6–)7–9(–10) × 0.8–1.2 mm; petals white to pale lavender, (10–)12–15 × (1.5–)2–3 mm; filaments 6–7 mm; anthers 1.5–2(–2.5) mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | divaricate, stout, (straight, with 2 well-developed glands basally). |
1.5–2.5 mm. |
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Fruits | silicles, sessile or shortly stipitate, didymous, not winged, strongly angustiseptate; valves 1-seeded, ovate, suborbicular, or slightly broader than long, keeled, enclosing seeds when falling off, indurated around margin, (rim raised), pubescent (with branched or clavate, simple papillae); replum concealed by valve margin; septum complete; ovules 2 per ovary; style distinct, (pubescent); stigma capitate, entire. |
valves transversely ovate to suborbicular, 3.5–5(–6) × 4–6(–7) mm, base and apex rounded, pubescent, trichomes clavate, simple, papillate (branched trichomes rarely present on fruit margin); style 0.1–0.5(–1) mm. |
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Seeds | aseriate, flattened, not winged, oblong; seed coat (smooth), not mucilaginous when wetted; cotyledons accumbent. |
3–4 × 1.5–2.5 mm. |
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x | = 10. |
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2n | = 20. |
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Dithyrea |
Dithyrea californica |
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Phenology | Flowering (depending on elevation) Mar–Oct. | |||||
Habitat | Sandy deserts, sand dunes | |||||
Elevation | 50-1400 m (200-4600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
sw United States; nw Mexico |
AZ; CA; NV; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
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Discussion | Species 2 (2 in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Dithyrea californica is known in Arizona from Maricopa, Mohave, and Yuma counties and in Nevada from Clark and Lincoln counties. In material with immature fruits and lacking the proximal portion of stems, the species is readily distinguished from D. maritima by the presence of clavate trichomes, quite visible even on the ovaries of developing fruits. By contrast, D. maritima has branched instead of clavate trichomes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 607. | FNA vol. 7, p. 607. | ||||
Parent taxa | ||||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Biscutella californica, D. californica var. clinata, D. clinata | |||||
Name authority | Harvey: London J. Bot. 4: 77, plate 5. (1845) | Harvey: London J. Bot. 4: 77, plate 5. (1845) | ||||
Web links |