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shieldpod, spectacle-pod

California shieldpod, spectacle pod

Habit Annuals or perennials; (rhizomatous); not scapose; densely pubescent, trichomes stalked, stellate to subdendritic, sometimes as simple clavate papillae on fruits. Annuals.
Stems

erect or decumbent, branched basally and distally.

few to several from base, erect, branched distally, (0.7–)1–6(–7) dm.

Leaves

basal and cauline;

petiolate or subsessile;

basal rosulate, petiolate, blade margins dentate, sometimes repand, rarely pinnatifid;

cauline petiolate, sessile, or subsessile, blade margins entire, dentate, or repand.

Basal leaves

petiole (0.5–)1–4(–5) cm;

blade lanceolate, oblanceolate, or ovate, (1.2–)2–5(–6) cm × (5–)10–20(–30) mm, base cuneate, margins usually dentate, sinuate, rarely pinnatifid.

Cauline leaves

(distal) shortly petiolate or sessile;

blade ovate, lanceolate, or oblong, 1–4(–5) cm × (3–)10–20(–30) mm, base cuneate, margins entire, dentate, or repand.

Racemes

(densely corymbose), considerably elongated or not elongated in fruit.

considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals erect, linear or oblong-linear, (forming tube, connivent), lateral pair saccate basally;

petals (erect), white, lavender, or purplish, lingulate, (longer than sepals), claw undifferentiated from blade;

stamens (erect), tetradynamous;

filaments not dilated basally, (filiform);

anthers narrowly linear or sagittate;

nectar glands: lateral annular, median confluent with lateral; (gynophore to 0.5 mm).

sepals purple to lavender, linear, (6–)7–9(–10) × 0.8–1.2 mm;

petals white to pale lavender, (10–)12–15 × (1.5–)2–3 mm;

filaments 6–7 mm;

anthers 1.5–2(–2.5) mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate, stout, (straight, with 2 well-developed glands basally).

1.5–2.5 mm.

Fruits

silicles, sessile or shortly stipitate, didymous, not winged, strongly angustiseptate;

valves 1-seeded, ovate, suborbicular, or slightly broader than long, keeled, enclosing seeds when falling off, indurated around margin, (rim raised), pubescent (with branched or clavate, simple papillae);

replum concealed by valve margin;

septum complete;

ovules 2 per ovary;

style distinct, (pubescent);

stigma capitate, entire.

valves transversely ovate to suborbicular, 3.5–5(–6) × 4–6(–7) mm, base and apex rounded, pubescent, trichomes clavate, simple, papillate (branched trichomes rarely present on fruit margin);

style 0.1–0.5(–1) mm.

Seeds

aseriate, flattened, not winged, oblong;

seed coat (smooth), not mucilaginous when wetted;

cotyledons accumbent.

3–4 × 1.5–2.5 mm.

x

= 10.

2n

= 20.

Dithyrea

Dithyrea californica

Phenology Flowering (depending on elevation) Mar–Oct.
Habitat Sandy deserts, sand dunes
Elevation 50-1400 m (200-4600 ft)
Distribution
from USDA
sw United States; nw Mexico
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Species 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Dithyrea californica is known in Arizona from Maricopa, Mohave, and Yuma counties and in Nevada from Clark and Lincoln counties. In material with immature fruits and lacking the proximal portion of stems, the species is readily distinguished from D. maritima by the presence of clavate trichomes, quite visible even on the ovaries of developing fruits. By contrast, D. maritima has branched instead of clavate trichomes.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Annuals; racemes elongated in fruit; fruit valves 3.5-5(-6) × 4-6(-7) mm, trichomes as simple, clavate papillae (stellate hairs absent or, rarely, restricted to fruit margins).
D. californica
1. Perennials; racemes not elongated in fruit; fruit valves 8-11 × 8-10 mm, trichomes sessile, stellate, sometimes mixed with forked or, rarely, simple ones (clavate papillae absent).
D. maritima
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 607. Author: Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz. FNA vol. 7, p. 607.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Physarieae Brassicaceae > tribe Physarieae > Dithyrea
Sibling taxa
D. maritima
Subordinate taxa
D. californica, D. maritima
Synonyms Biscutella californica, D. californica var. clinata, D. clinata
Name authority Harvey: London J. Bot. 4: 77, plate 5. (1845) Harvey: London J. Bot. 4: 77, plate 5. (1845)
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