Diplotaxis tenuifolia |
Diplotaxis muralis |
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flixweed, perennial wall-rocket, slime-leaf wallrocket, slimleaf wall-rocket |
annual wall-rocket, cross-weed, sand-rocket, stink-weed, stinking wall-rocket, wall-mustard, wallrocket |
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Habit | Perennials, (usually suffrutescent, roots with shoots from adventitious buds), strongly scented (with glucosinolates), (glaucescent). | Annuals or perennials, (short-lived, frequently scapose or subscapose, taprooted), strongly scented (with glucosinolates). |
Stems | erect, 2–7(–10) dm, glabrescent or sparsely pubescent basally. |
ascending to suberect, (0.5–)2–5(–6) dm, moderately pubescent (trichomes predominantly patent basally, retrorse distally to near racemes). |
Basal leaves | blade elliptic to obovate, 2–15 cm × 10–60(–80) mm, margins sinuate to deeply pinnatifid, (2–5 lobes each side). |
(rosulate); blade elliptic to obovate, 2–9 cm × 10–35 mm, margins sinuate to pinnatifid, lyrate, [2–4(–6) lobes each side], (margins and veins glabrescent to sparsely pubescent). |
Cauline leaves | petiolate; similar to basal, (distal cauline shortly petiolate, blade similar, with narrower segments), surfaces usually glabrescent. |
shortly petiolate to sessile; blade margins entire or dentate. |
Flowers | sepals 4–6 mm, glabrous or pubescent, trichomes straight; petals yellow, 7–11(–13) × 5–8 mm, (apex rounded); filaments 4–8 mm; anthers 2.5–3 mm; gynophore 0.5–3 mm. |
sepals 3–5.5 mm, pubescent or glabrous, trichomes straight; petals yellow, 5–8(–10) × 3–5 mm; filaments 3.5–6 mm; anthers 1.5–2 mm; gynophore obsolete or to 0.5 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | 8–35 mm. |
(3–)8–20(–37) mm. |
Fruits | usually erect, rarely ascending, (somewhat torulose, slightly compressed), 2–5 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; terminal segment (stout), beaklike, 1.5–3 mm, seedless; (ovules 20–32(–46) per ovary). |
erect-patent, (1.5–)2–4 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm; terminal segment beaklike, (1–)1.5–3 mm, seedless; (ovules 20–36 per ovary). |
Seeds | 1–1.3 × 0.6–0.9 mm. |
0.9–1.3 × 0.6–0.9 mm. |
2n | = 22. |
= 42. |
Diplotaxis tenuifolia |
Diplotaxis muralis |
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Phenology | Flowering spring–fall. | Flowering spring–fall. |
Habitat | Waste places, disturbed areas, wharf and railroad ballast, sandy beaches, muddy shores, wet woods, mountain slopes | Waste ground, disturbed or cultivated soil, ballast places, wharves, roadsides, railroads, around buildings, grazed grasslands |
Elevation | 0-2100 m (0-6900 ft) | 80-2000 m (300-6600 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; IN; MA; ME; MI; MO; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; TX; NS; ON; QC; Eurasia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina), Australia]
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; FL; IA; IL; IN; KS; MA; MI; MN; MT; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; TX; UT; WI; AB; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; SK; Eurasia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico (Coahuila, Nuevo León), West Indies (Bahamas), Bermuda, South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
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Discussion | Diplotaxis tenuifolia was introduced from Europe as a ballast plant in the last century. It may have failed to persist in some of the recorded provinces and states. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Diplotaxis muralis was introduced from Europe as a ballast plant in the last century and may have failed to persist in some of the recorded provinces and states. It is an allopolyploid arisen from D. tenuifolia and the Eurasian D. viminea (Linnaeus) de Candolle with 2n = 20 (M. D. Sánchez-Yélamo and J. B. Martínez-Laborde 1991; K. Mummenhoff et al. 1993; G. Eschmann-Grupe et al. 2003). There does not seem to be a sound basis for attributing D. viminea to the flora area, as done by V. I. Dorofeev (1998), because most specimens cited by him belong, in fact, to D. muralis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 433. | FNA vol. 7, p. 433. |
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Diplotaxis | Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Diplotaxis |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium tenuifolium | Sisymbrium murale, Sinapis muralis |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 632. (1821) | (Linnaeus) de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 634. (1821) |
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