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flixweed, perennial wall-rocket, slime-leaf wallrocket, slimleaf wall-rocket

wall-rocket

Habit Perennials, (usually suffrutescent, roots with shoots from adventitious buds), strongly scented (with glucosinolates), (glaucescent). Annuals, biennials, or perennials; (sometimes suffrutescent); scapose or not; glabrous, glabrescent, or pubescent.
Stems

erect, 2–7(–10) dm, glabrescent or sparsely pubescent basally.

erect or ascending, branched.

Leaves

basal and, sometimes, cauline; petiolate or sessile;

basal rosulate or not, petiolate, blade margins dentate, sinuate, or pinnatisect;

cauline petiolate or sessile, blade (base not auriculate), margins entire or dentate.

Basal leaves

blade elliptic to obovate, 2–15 cm × 10–60(–80) mm, margins sinuate to deeply pinnatifid, (2–5 lobes each side).

Cauline leaves

petiolate;

similar to basal, (distal cauline shortly petiolate, blade similar, with narrower segments), surfaces usually glabrescent.

Racemes

(corymbose, sometimes shortly bracteate basally), considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals 4–6 mm, glabrous or pubescent, trichomes straight;

petals yellow, 7–11(–13) × 5–8 mm, (apex rounded);

filaments 4–8 mm;

anthers 2.5–3 mm;

gynophore 0.5–3 mm.

sepals ascending to spreading, oblong, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals yellow or white [purple], obovate, (apex rounded or truncate);

stamens tetradynamous;

filaments not dilated basally;

anthers oblong to ovate, (apex obtuse);

nectar glands (4): lateral cushionlike, median cylindrical.

Fruiting pedicels

8–35 mm.

ascending, divaricate, or reflexed, stout to slender.

Fruits

usually erect, rarely ascending, (somewhat torulose, slightly compressed), 2–5 cm × 1.5–2.5 mm;

terminal segment (stout), beaklike, 1.5–3 mm, seedless; (ovules 20–32(–46) per ovary).

siliques, dehiscent, sessile or (long-)stipitate, segments 1 or 2, linear to linear-oblong, torulose, latiseptate or terete; (proximal segment numerous-seeded, 1-veined; terminal segment 0–2-seeded);

valves glabrous;

replum rounded;

septum complete;

ovules [12–]20–36(–46)[–276] per ovary; (style obsolete or distinct);

stigma capitate or somewhat decurrent, 2-lobed.

Seeds

1–1.3 × 0.6–0.9 mm.

usually biseriate, rarely uniseriate, not winged, ovoid or ellipsoid;

seed coat (smooth or minutely reticulate), slightly mucilaginous or not when wetted;

cotyledons conduplicate.

x

= 7, [8, 9, 10,] 11, [13,] 21.

2n

= 22.

Diplotaxis tenuifolia

Diplotaxis

Phenology Flowering spring–fall.
Habitat Waste places, disturbed areas, wharf and railroad ballast, sandy beaches, muddy shores, wet woods, mountain slopes
Elevation 0-2100 m (0-6900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; CT; FL; GA; IN; MA; ME; MI; MO; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OR; PA; TX; NS; ON; QC; Eurasia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in South America (Argentina), Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Europe; Asia; n Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in n Mexico, West Indies (Bahamas), Bermuda, South America, Pacific Islands (New Zealand), Australia]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Diplotaxis tenuifolia was introduced from Europe as a ballast plant in the last century. It may have failed to persist in some of the recorded provinces and states.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 25–30 (3 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Stems densely pubescent throughout; leaf blade surfaces shortly pubescent throughout; sepals pubescent, trichomes ± flexuous; petals white (turning purple); fruits: distal segment 1- or 2-seeded.
D. erucoides
1. Stems glabrescent to moderately pubescent basally or distally; leaf blade surfaces glabrescent, or margins and veins glabrescent to sparsely pubescent; sepals glabrous or pubescent, trichomes straight; petals yellow; fruits: distal segment seedless
→ 2
2. Perennials, with adventitious buds on roots; stems frequently foliose, glabrescent or sparsely pubescent basally; fruits erect; gynophores 0.5-3 mm.
D. tenuifolia
2. Annuals or perennials (short-lived), without buds on roots; stems frequently scapose, moderately pubescent; fruits erect-patent; gynophores obsolete or to 0.5 mm.
D. muralis
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 433. FNA vol. 7, p. 432. Author: Juan B. Martínez-Laborde.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae > Diplotaxis Brassicaceae > tribe Brassiceae
Sibling taxa
D. erucoides, D. muralis
Subordinate taxa
D. erucoides, D. muralis, D. tenuifolia
Synonyms Sisymbrium tenuifolium
Name authority (Linnaeus) de Candolle: Syst. Nat. 2: 632. (1821) de Candolle: Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. 7: 243. (1821)
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