Diplacus tricolor |
Diplacus rutilus |
|
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tricolor monkeyflower |
Santa Susana bush monkeyflower |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, acaulescent or caulescent. | Subshrubs. |
Stems | erect or ascending, 10–140(–170) mm, densely glandular-puberulent. |
erect, 300–1000(–2000) mm, glandular-puberulent and short-villous. |
Leaves | basal densely clustered; petiole absent; blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, (5–)8–45(–60) × (1–)3–12(–20) mm, margins entire, sometimes toothed, plane, not ciliate, apex obtuse, surfaces glandular-puberulent. |
usually cauline, relatively even-sized; petiole absent; blade elliptic to lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 25–65(–80) × 4–15(–25) mm, margins entire or serrate, revolute, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces densely hairy, hairs branched, adaxial glabrescent. |
Pedicels | 1–3(–5) mm in fruit. |
5–16 mm in fruit. |
Flowers | 1 per node, chasmogamous. |
2 per node, chasmogamous. |
Styles | usually glandular-puberulent. |
minutely glandular. |
Corollas | tricolored, limb and throat magenta to purple, each lobe with a discrete, dark maroon-purple blotch at base, all 3 blotches of abaxial lip round and not usually extending into throat, palate ridges yellow, flanked with white, sometimes purple-spotted, tube-throat (13–)15–50 mm, limb 7–21 mm diam., bilabiate, lobes equal. |
red to orange-red, throat whitish at least on floor, palate ridges orange or white with orange crest, tube-throat 34–45 mm, limb (25–)28–40 mm diam., bilabiate, lobes oblong, apex of adaxial 2 each shallowly, asymmetrically incised. |
Calyces | slightly asymmetrically attached to pedicel, not inflated in fruit, (6–)11–23 mm, densely glandular-puberulent, lobes subequal, apex obtuse, ribs often purplish proximally, intercostal areas whitish. |
not inflated in fruit, 22–32 mm, glandular-puberulent and short glandular-villous to hirsute-villous, tube slightly dilated distally, lobes unequal, apex acute, ribs green, intercostal areas light green. |
Capsules | (2–)3–8(–10) mm, indehiscent. |
18–28 mm. |
Anthers | included, with apical tufts of short, eglandular hairs. |
included, glabrous. |
Stigmas | nearly exserted, lobes subequal. |
included, lobes equal. |
2n | = 18. |
|
Diplacus tricolor |
Diplacus rutilus |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul(–Aug). | Flowering Mar–Jun. |
Habitat | Vernally flooded depressions in grasslands, low spots and ditches in and around agricultural fields. | Chaparral. |
Elevation | 50–1500 m. (200–4900 ft.) | 400–600 m. (1300–2000 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
CA |
Discussion | Diplacus tricolor occurs in northwestern and south-central Oregon and from there across a disjunction to central California as far as Kern County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
H. E. McMinn (1951), M. C. Tulig and G. L Nesom (2012), and Nesom (2013c) treated Diplacus rutilus at specific rank, but P. A. Munz and D. D. Keck (1973) followed the original assessment of A. L. Grant (1924) in treating it as a variety of the light orange- to pale yellow-orange-flowered D. longiflorus, while R. M. Beeks (1962) and D. M. Thompson (2005) regarded this taxon as only a variant of D. longiflorus, without formal rank. It is maintained here as a distinct, red-flowered species localized in Los Angeles County, California. Diplacus rutilus occurs in pockets in a strip from Whittier and Pomona through North Pasadena westward to near the Ventura County line (the Santa Susana area being the type locality), a distance of almost 60 miles. Very few of these red-flowered collections can be separated in any feature except corolla color from typical Diplacus longiflorus. Red corollas have not been observed in D. longiflorus outside of Los Angeles County, and D. rutilus might be interpreted as reflecting local introgression in this area from D. puniceus, but the distinctive and tightly coherent geographical distribution of these red-flowered plants and their apparent absence elsewhere in the area where D. ×australis occurs suggest that the origin of D. rutilus is different from that of the highly variable D. ×australis. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 447. | FNA vol. 17, p. 451. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Diplacus | Phrymaceae > Diplacus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus tricolor | Mimulus longiflorus var. rutilus, D. longiflorus var. rutilus |
Name authority | (Hartweg ex Lindley) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 30. (2012) | (A. L. Grant) McMinn: Madroño 11: 83. (1951) |
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