FNA: Diplacus tricolor vs. Diplacus longiflorus

	Diplacus tricolor	Diplacus longiflorus
	tricolor monkeyflower	southern bush monkeyflower
Habit	Herbs, annual, acaulescent or caulescent.	Subshrubs.
Stems	erect or ascending, 10–140(–170) mm, densely glandular-puberulent.	erect, 300–1000(–2000) mm, glandular-puberulent and short-villous.
Leaves	basal densely clustered; petiole absent; blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, (5–)8–45(–60) × (1–)3–12(–20) mm, margins entire, sometimes toothed, plane, not ciliate, apex obtuse, surfaces glandular-puberulent.	usually cauline, relatively even-sized; petiole absent; blade elliptic to lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 25–65(–80) × 4–15(–25) mm, margins entire or serrate, revolute, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces densely hairy, hairs branched, adaxial glabrescent.
Pedicels	1–3(–5) mm in fruit.	5–16 mm in fruit.
Flowers	1 per node, chasmogamous.	2 per node, chasmogamous.
Styles	usually glandular-puberulent.	minutely glandular.
Corollas	tricolored, limb and throat magenta to purple, each lobe with a discrete, dark maroon-purple blotch at base, all 3 blotches of abaxial lip round and not usually extending into throat, palate ridges yellow, flanked with white, sometimes purple-spotted, tube-throat (13–)15–50 mm, limb 7–21 mm diam., bilabiate, lobes equal.	light orange to pale yellow-orange, palate ridges orangish, tube-throat 34–45 mm, limb (25–)28–40 mm diam., bilabiate, lobes oblong, apex of adaxial 2 each shallowly incised.
Calyces	slightly asymmetrically attached to pedicel, not inflated in fruit, (6–)11–23 mm, densely glandular-puberulent, lobes subequal, apex obtuse, ribs often purplish proximally, intercostal areas whitish.	not inflated in fruit, 22–32 mm, glandular-puberulent and short glandular-villous to hirsute-villous, tube slightly dilated distally, lobes unequal, apex acute, ribs green, intercostal areas light green.
Capsules	(2–)3–8(–10) mm, indehiscent.	18–28 mm.
Anthers	included, with apical tufts of short, eglandular hairs.	included, glabrous.
Stigmas	nearly exserted, lobes subequal.	included, lobes equal.
2n	= 18.	= 20.

	Diplacus tricolor	Diplacus longiflorus
Phenology	Flowering Mar–Jul(–Aug).	Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul.
Habitat	Vernally flooded depressions in grasslands, low spots and ditches in and around agricultural fields.	Rocky hillsides and slopes, talus, chaparral, live oak woodlands.
Elevation	50–1500 m. (200–4900 ft.)	(50–)100–1300(–1800) m. ((200–)300–4300(–5900) ft.)
Distribution	CA; OR [WildflowerSearch map]	CA; Mexico (Baja California) [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Discussion	Diplacus tricolor occurs in northwestern and south-central Oregon and from there across a disjunction to central California as far as Kern County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Diplacus longiflorus occurs in southwestern California and northeastern Baja California. Plants and populations intermediate between Diplacus longiflorus and D. puniceus are found where their ranges meet in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Diego counties. The intermediate morphology and geography indicate that these are hybrids (as has been hypothesized by, for example, M. A. Streisfeld and J. R. Kohn 2005; D. M. Thompson 2005; M. C. Tulig and G. L. Nesom 2012), which have been identified as D. ×australis (McMinn ex Munz) Tulig. Streisfeld and Kohn found that in San Diego County, D. longiflorus and D. puniceus are discrete in morphology and separated in geography, with a narrow zone of hybrids and putative introgressants between. Plants identified as Diplacus ×lompocensis McMinn (as species) occur where the geographic ranges of D. aurantiacus and D. longiflorus meet in Santa Barbara County and southern San Luis Obispo County; these plants have floral features intermediate between these two species. Stable populations of the putative hybrid are found throughout this region, although at either end of its distribution, the populations may more closely resemble the nearer parent. Considering that both D. aurantiacus and D. longiflorus are morphologically consistent across broad regions, D. ×lompocensis is perhaps best interpreted as a zone of introgression. Diplacus ×australis and D. ×lompocensis are similar to D. longiflorus as well as to each other in most features; they are easily separated only by geographic range. Diplacus longiflorus is distinct from both in its larger corolla features and, frequently, calyx indument. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 17, p. 447.	FNA vol. 17, p. 450.
Parent taxa	Phrymaceae > Diplacus	Phrymaceae > Diplacus
Sibling taxa	D. angustatus, D. aridus, D. aurantiacus, D. bicolor, D. bigelovii, D. bolanderi, D. brandegeei, D. brevipes, D. calycinus, D. cascadensis, D. clevelandii, D. clivicola, D. compactus, D. congdonii, D. constrictus, D. cusickii, D. cusickioides, D. deschutesensis, D. douglasii, D. fremontii, D. grandiflorus, D. graniticola, D. jepsonii, D. johnstonii, D. kelloggii, D. layneae, D. leptaleus, D. linearis, D. longiflorus, D. mephiticus, D. mohavensis, D. nanus, D. ovatus, D. parryi, D. parviflorus, D. pictus, D. pulchellus, D. puniceus, D. pygmaeus, D. rattanii, D. rupicola, D. rutilus, D. thompsonii, D. torreyi, D. traskiae, D. vandenbergensis, D. viscidus	D. angustatus, D. aridus, D. aurantiacus, D. bicolor, D. bigelovii, D. bolanderi, D. brandegeei, D. brevipes, D. calycinus, D. cascadensis, D. clevelandii, D. clivicola, D. compactus, D. congdonii, D. constrictus, D. cusickii, D. cusickioides, D. deschutesensis, D. douglasii, D. fremontii, D. grandiflorus, D. graniticola, D. jepsonii, D. johnstonii, D. kelloggii, D. layneae, D. leptaleus, D. linearis, D. mephiticus, D. mohavensis, D. nanus, D. ovatus, D. parryi, D. parviflorus, D. pictus, D. pulchellus, D. puniceus, D. pygmaeus, D. rattanii, D. rupicola, D. rutilus, D. thompsonii, D. torreyi, D. traskiae, D. tricolor, D. vandenbergensis, D. viscidus
Synonyms	Mimulus tricolor	D. arachnoideus, D. glutinosus var. pubescens, Mimulus aurantiacus var. pubescens, M. longiflorus
Name authority	(Hartweg ex Lindley) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 30. (2012)	Nuttall: Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 139. (1838) — (as longiflora)
Web links	Local floras: CA, OR Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Diplacus longiflorus

tricolor monkeyflower

southern bush monkeyflower

Habit

Herbs, annual, acaulescent or caulescent.

Subshrubs.

Stems

erect or ascending, 10–140(–170) mm, densely glandular-puberulent.

erect, 300–1000(–2000) mm, glandular-puberulent and short-villous.

Leaves

basal densely clustered;

petiole absent;

blade narrowly elliptic to oblanceolate, (5–)8–45(–60) × (1–)3–12(–20) mm, margins entire, sometimes toothed, plane, not ciliate, apex obtuse, surfaces glandular-puberulent.

usually cauline, relatively even-sized;

petiole absent;

blade elliptic to lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 25–65(–80) × 4–15(–25) mm, margins entire or serrate, revolute, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces densely hairy, hairs branched, adaxial glabrescent.

Pedicels

1–3(–5) mm in fruit.

5–16 mm in fruit.

Flowers

1 per node, chasmogamous.

2 per node, chasmogamous.

Styles

usually glandular-puberulent.

minutely glandular.

Corollas

tricolored, limb and throat magenta to purple, each lobe with a discrete, dark maroon-purple blotch at base, all 3 blotches of abaxial lip round and not usually extending into throat, palate ridges yellow, flanked with white, sometimes purple-spotted, tube-throat (13–)15–50 mm, limb 7–21 mm diam., bilabiate, lobes equal.

light orange to pale yellow-orange, palate ridges orangish, tube-throat 34–45 mm, limb (25–)28–40 mm diam., bilabiate, lobes oblong, apex of adaxial 2 each shallowly incised.

Calyces

slightly asymmetrically attached to pedicel, not inflated in fruit, (6–)11–23 mm, densely glandular-puberulent, lobes subequal, apex obtuse, ribs often purplish proximally, intercostal areas whitish.

not inflated in fruit, 22–32 mm, glandular-puberulent and short glandular-villous to hirsute-villous, tube slightly dilated distally, lobes unequal, apex acute, ribs green, intercostal areas light green.

Capsules

(2–)3–8(–10) mm, indehiscent.

18–28 mm.

Anthers

included, with apical tufts of short, eglandular hairs.

included, glabrous.

Stigmas

nearly exserted, lobes subequal.

included, lobes equal.

= 18.

= 20.

Diplacus tricolor

Diplacus longiflorus

Phenology

Flowering Mar–Jul(–Aug).

Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul.

Habitat

Vernally flooded depressions in grasslands, low spots and ditches in and around agricultural fields.

Rocky hillsides and slopes, talus, chaparral, live oak woodlands.

Elevation

50–1500 m. (200–4900 ft.)

(50–)100–1300(–1800) m. ((200–)300–4300(–5900) ft.)

Distribution

CA; OR

[WildflowerSearch map]

CA; Mexico (Baja California)

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

Discussion

Diplacus tricolor occurs in northwestern and south-central Oregon and from there across a disjunction to central California as far as Kern County.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Diplacus longiflorus occurs in southwestern California and northeastern Baja California.

Plants and populations intermediate between Diplacus longiflorus and D. puniceus are found where their ranges meet in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Diego counties. The intermediate morphology and geography indicate that these are hybrids (as has been hypothesized by, for example, M. A. Streisfeld and J. R. Kohn 2005; D. M. Thompson 2005; M. C. Tulig and G. L. Nesom 2012), which have been identified as D. ×australis (McMinn ex Munz) Tulig. Streisfeld and Kohn found that in San Diego County, D. longiflorus and D. puniceus are discrete in morphology and separated in geography, with a narrow zone of hybrids and putative introgressants between.

Plants identified as Diplacus ×lompocensis McMinn (as species) occur where the geographic ranges of D. aurantiacus and D. longiflorus meet in Santa Barbara County and southern San Luis Obispo County; these plants have floral features intermediate between these two species. Stable populations of the putative hybrid are found throughout this region, although at either end of its distribution, the populations may more closely resemble the nearer parent. Considering that both D. aurantiacus and D. longiflorus are morphologically consistent across broad regions, D. ×lompocensis is perhaps best interpreted as a zone of introgression.

Diplacus ×australis and D. ×lompocensis are similar to D. longiflorus as well as to each other in most features; they are easily separated only by geographic range. Diplacus longiflorus is distinct from both in its larger corolla features and, frequently, calyx indument.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 17, p. 447.

FNA vol. 17, p. 450.

Parent taxa

Phrymaceae > Diplacus

Sibling taxa

D. angustatus, D. aridus, D. aurantiacus, D. bicolor, D. bigelovii, D. bolanderi, D. brandegeei, D. brevipes, D. calycinus, D. cascadensis, D. clevelandii, D. clivicola, D. compactus, D. congdonii, D. constrictus, D. cusickii, D. cusickioides, D. deschutesensis, D. douglasii, D. fremontii, D. grandiflorus, D. graniticola, D. jepsonii, D. johnstonii, D. kelloggii, D. layneae, D. leptaleus, D. linearis, D. longiflorus, D. mephiticus, D. mohavensis, D. nanus, D. ovatus, D. parryi, D. parviflorus, D. pictus, D. pulchellus, D. puniceus, D. pygmaeus, D. rattanii, D. rupicola, D. rutilus, D. thompsonii, D. torreyi, D. traskiae, D. vandenbergensis, D. viscidus

D. angustatus, D. aridus, D. aurantiacus, D. bicolor, D. bigelovii, D. bolanderi, D. brandegeei, D. brevipes, D. calycinus, D. cascadensis, D. clevelandii, D. clivicola, D. compactus, D. congdonii, D. constrictus, D. cusickii, D. cusickioides, D. deschutesensis, D. douglasii, D. fremontii, D. grandiflorus, D. graniticola, D. jepsonii, D. johnstonii, D. kelloggii, D. layneae, D. leptaleus, D. linearis, D. mephiticus, D. mohavensis, D. nanus, D. ovatus, D. parryi, D. parviflorus, D. pictus, D. pulchellus, D. puniceus, D. pygmaeus, D. rattanii, D. rupicola, D. rutilus, D. thompsonii, D. torreyi, D. traskiae, D. tricolor, D. vandenbergensis, D. viscidus

Synonyms

Mimulus tricolor

D. arachnoideus, D. glutinosus var. pubescens, Mimulus aurantiacus var. pubescens, M. longiflorus

Name authority

(Hartweg ex Lindley) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 30. (2012)

Nuttall: Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 139. (1838) — (as longiflora)

Web links

Local floras: CA, OR
Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos, Flora NW, PNW Herbaria
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist (observations)
LBJ Wildflower Center
SEINet
Plants of the World Online
Encyclopedia of Life
Wikipedia
Google Image Search

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America, OregonFlora

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Diplacus tricolor

Diplacus longiflorus

Diplacus tricolor

Diplacus longiflorus