Diplacus mephiticus |
Diplacus rupicola |
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foul odor monkeyflower, skunky monkeyflower |
Death Valley monkeyflower, rock midget |
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Habit | Herbs, annual. | Herbs, perennial, with woody caudex. |
Stems | erect, (20–)30–150(–180) mm, glandular-pubescent and viscid-villous. |
erect to ascending, sometimes pendent, 10–170 mm, densely and finely glandular-puberulent. |
Leaves | usually cauline, relatively even-sized; petiole absent; blade ovate to oblong or narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, narrowly oblong, or linear, 10–25 × 1–5 mm, margins entire, plane, not ciliate, apex rounded to obtuse or acute, surfaces usually glandular-pubescent and (at least along veins) viscid-villous. |
usually basal rosettes and proximal cauline, relatively even-sized; petiole absent, base gradually narrowed to broad, petiole-like extension; blade oblanceolate, (10–)18–60(–80) × (1.5–)3–15(–26) mm, margins entire, plane, not ciliate, apex acute, surfaces glandular-puberulent. |
Pedicels | 1–3 mm in fruit. |
1–3 mm in fruit. |
Flowers | 2 per node, or 1 or 2 per node on 1 plant, chasmogamous. |
1 or 2 per node, chasmogamous. |
Styles | glabrous or sparsely glandular-puberulent. |
glandular-puberulent. |
Corollas | of 2 color forms: (a) dark magenta, purplish, or reddish with palate ridges or whole throat floor yellow, red- or purple-dotted, lateral lobes yellowish inside and (b) yellow with red or purple spots on floor, tube-throat 8–12(–15) mm, tube 1.3–1.9 mm diam. at filament insertion, limb 5–12(–15) mm diam., bilabiate. |
limb pinkish white to nearly white with a large magenta-purple round or 2-lobed blotch at base of each lobe, throat and palate ridges golden yellow with magenta speckling, palate ridges short-pilose, throat glabrous, tube-throat 17–35 mm, limb 8–21 mm diam., not bilabiate. |
Calyces | symmetrically attached to pedicels, slightly inflated in fruit, (3–)4–7(–9) mm, glandular-pubescent and viscid-villous (at least along veins), lobes subequal, apex acute to acuminate, ribs dark green to purplish, intercostal areas whitish. |
asymmetrically attached to pedicel, not inflated in fruit, 8–18 mm, densely glandular-puberulent, lobes unequal, apex acuminate, ribs green, intercostal areas pale green. |
Capsules | 5–8 mm. |
3–8 mm, indehiscent until senescence of pedicel, then opening along both sutures only after wetting. |
Anthers | exserted, short-hirsute. |
included, glabrous or slightly puberulent at base. |
Stigmas | exserted or at opening of corolla tube-throat, lobes subequal to unequal, abaxial to 2 times adaxial. |
included, lobes equal. |
2n | = 16. |
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Diplacus mephiticus |
Diplacus rupicola |
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Phenology | Flowering (May–)Jun–Aug(–Sep). | Flowering Feb–Jun. |
Habitat | Openings in sagebrush, disturbed slopes, granite outcrops, serpentine substrates, gravelly and sandy soils, sandy moraines, pumice flats, gravelly washes, meadows, shadscale and sagebrush communities, pinyon-juniper and ponderosa pine woodlands. | Crevices in limestone cliffs and walls, limestone ridge tops and slopes, wash edges, gravelly slopes, canyon sides. |
Elevation | 1300–3700 m. (4300–12100 ft.) | 300–1800 m. (1000–5900 ft.) |
Distribution |
CA; NV
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CA
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Discussion | Diplacus mephiticus occurs in eastern California and west-central Nevada. Various synonyms treated here are in agreement with D. M. Thompson (2005). Mimulus coccineus (mostly from Eldorado to Tulare counties, California, and, apparently, including Eunanus angustifolius Greene from Mt. Rose, Nevada) includes relatively small, tufted plants at high elevations with relatively small calyces and relatively small, dark red-purple, strongly bilabiate corollas with prominently exserted stamens. Mimulus densus (mostly in Nevada and in Lassen, Nevada, and Plumas counties, California) includes taller plants at lower elevations with a strong tendency to produce populations with all individuals with larger, yellow, nearly regular corollas with more nearly included stamens. Typical Diplacus mephiticus has moderate-sized plants at medium elevations with magenta, bilabiate corollas. The specific epithet mephiticus alludes to the musky odor of the plants; this has also been noted in plants of Mimulus coccineus and M. densus. Diplacus nanus, in which D. M. Thompson (2005) included D. mephiticus as a variety, apparently does not produce a mephitic odor. Diplacus cusickii also produces a mephitic odor (W. L. Ezell 1971). The later homonym Mimulus angustifolius (Greene) A. L. Grant 1925, not Hochstetter ex Richard 1850, based on Eunanus angustifolius, pertains here. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Diplacus rupicola is known from Inyo County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 17, p. 441. | FNA vol. 17, p. 448. |
Parent taxa | Phrymaceae > Diplacus | Phrymaceae > Diplacus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Mimulus mephiticus, M. coccineus, M. coccineus var. wolfii, M. densus, M. nanus var. mephiticus, M. reifschneiderae, M. stamineus, M. washoensis, M. wolfii | Mimulus rupicola |
Name authority | (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 29. (2012) | (Coville & A. L. Grant) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 27. (2012) |
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