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foul odor monkeyflower, skunky monkeyflower

Santa Cruz Island monkeyflower, Santa Cruz Island or broadleaf monkeyflower

Habit Herbs, annual. Herbs, annual.
Stems

erect, (20–)30–150(–180) mm, glandular-pubescent and viscid-villous.

erect, 10–100 mm, glandular-puberulent to glandular-pubescent.

Leaves

usually cauline, relatively even-sized;

petiole absent;

blade ovate to oblong or narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, narrowly oblong, or linear, 10–25 × 1–5 mm, margins entire, plane, not ciliate, apex rounded to obtuse or acute, surfaces usually glandular-pubescent and (at least along veins) viscid-villous.

mostly cauline, relatively even-sized;

petiole absent, larger with petiole-like extension;

blade narrowly to broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, (4–)8–39 × (2–)4–23 mm, margins entire or crenate, plane, proximal 1/2 usually ciliate, apex obtuse, surfaces glandular-pubescent.

Pedicels

1–3 mm in fruit.

1.5–4 mm in fruit, not twisting to invert calyx.

Flowers

2 per node, or 1 or 2 per node on 1 plant, chasmogamous.

2 per node, or 1 or 2 per node on 1 plant, chasmogamous.

Styles

glabrous or sparsely glandular-puberulent.

pubescent distally.

Corollas

of 2 color forms: (a) dark magenta, purplish, or reddish with palate ridges or whole throat floor yellow, red- or purple-dotted, lateral lobes yellowish inside and (b) yellow with red or purple spots on floor, tube-throat 8–12(–15) mm, tube 1.3–1.9 mm diam. at filament insertion, limb 5–12(–15) mm diam., bilabiate.

throat magenta, golden yellow at base, limb magenta, palate ridges golden yellow, purple-speckled, tube-throat 12–19 mm, limb 5–11 mm diam., bilabiate, abaxial lip smaller than adaxial.

Calyces

symmetrically attached to pedicels, slightly inflated in fruit, (3–)4–7(–9) mm, glandular-pubescent and viscid-villous (at least along veins), lobes subequal, apex acute to acuminate, ribs dark green to purplish, intercostal areas whitish.

distinctly asymmetrically attached to pedicel, inflated in fruit, 8–13 mm, glandular-pubescent, lobes subequal, apex obtuse, ribs green, intercostal areas pale green to whitish.

Capsules

5–8 mm.

(5–)6–11 mm, indehiscent.

Anthers

exserted, short-hirsute.

(distal pair) nearly exserted, glabrous.

Stigmas

exserted or at opening of corolla tube-throat, lobes subequal to unequal, abaxial to 2 times adaxial.

exserted, lobes unequal, abaxial 3–4 times adaxial.

Diplacus mephiticus

Diplacus brandegeei

Phenology Flowering (May–)Jun–Aug(–Sep). Flowering Mar–Apr(–May).
Habitat Openings in sagebrush, disturbed slopes, granite outcrops, serpentine substrates, gravelly and sandy soils, sandy moraines, pumice flats, gravelly washes, meadows, shadscale and sagebrush communities, pinyon-juniper and ponderosa pine woodlands. Rocky, brushy slopes.
Elevation 1300–3700 m. (4300–12100 ft.) 100–300 m. (300–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; NV
[WildflowerSearch map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Diplacus mephiticus occurs in eastern California and west-central Nevada.

Various synonyms treated here are in agreement with D. M. Thompson (2005). Mimulus coccineus (mostly from Eldorado to Tulare counties, California, and, apparently, including Eunanus angustifolius Greene from Mt. Rose, Nevada) includes relatively small, tufted plants at high elevations with relatively small calyces and relatively small, dark red-purple, strongly bilabiate corollas with prominently exserted stamens. Mimulus densus (mostly in Nevada and in Lassen, Nevada, and Plumas counties, California) includes taller plants at lower elevations with a strong tendency to produce populations with all individuals with larger, yellow, nearly regular corollas with more nearly included stamens. Typical Diplacus mephiticus has moderate-sized plants at medium elevations with magenta, bilabiate corollas.

The specific epithet mephiticus alludes to the musky odor of the plants; this has also been noted in plants of Mimulus coccineus and M. densus. Diplacus nanus, in which D. M. Thompson (2005) included D. mephiticus as a variety, apparently does not produce a mephitic odor. Diplacus cusickii also produces a mephitic odor (W. L. Ezell 1971).

The later homonym Mimulus angustifolius (Greene) A. L. Grant 1925, not Hochstetter ex Richard 1850, based on Eunanus angustifolius, pertains here.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Diplacus brandegeei is known only from Santa Catalina (Los Angeles County), Santa Cruz (Santa Barbara County), and Guadalupe (Baja California) islands. The earliest name for the species, Mimulus latifolius A. Gray, was first transferred to Diplacus as D. latifolius (A. Gray) G. L. Nesom, but that name is a later homonym of D. latifolius Nuttall.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 17, p. 441. FNA vol. 17, p. 446.
Parent taxa Phrymaceae > Diplacus Phrymaceae > Diplacus
Sibling taxa
D. angustatus, D. aridus, D. aurantiacus, D. bicolor, D. bigelovii, D. bolanderi, D. brandegeei, D. brevipes, D. calycinus, D. cascadensis, D. clevelandii, D. clivicola, D. compactus, D. congdonii, D. constrictus, D. cusickii, D. cusickioides, D. deschutesensis, D. douglasii, D. fremontii, D. grandiflorus, D. graniticola, D. jepsonii, D. johnstonii, D. kelloggii, D. layneae, D. leptaleus, D. linearis, D. longiflorus, D. mohavensis, D. nanus, D. ovatus, D. parryi, D. parviflorus, D. pictus, D. pulchellus, D. puniceus, D. pygmaeus, D. rattanii, D. rupicola, D. rutilus, D. thompsonii, D. torreyi, D. traskiae, D. tricolor, D. vandenbergensis, D. viscidus
D. angustatus, D. aridus, D. aurantiacus, D. bicolor, D. bigelovii, D. bolanderi, D. brevipes, D. calycinus, D. cascadensis, D. clevelandii, D. clivicola, D. compactus, D. congdonii, D. constrictus, D. cusickii, D. cusickioides, D. deschutesensis, D. douglasii, D. fremontii, D. grandiflorus, D. graniticola, D. jepsonii, D. johnstonii, D. kelloggii, D. layneae, D. leptaleus, D. linearis, D. longiflorus, D. mephiticus, D. mohavensis, D. nanus, D. ovatus, D. parryi, D. parviflorus, D. pictus, D. pulchellus, D. puniceus, D. pygmaeus, D. rattanii, D. rupicola, D. rutilus, D. thompsonii, D. torreyi, D. traskiae, D. tricolor, D. vandenbergensis, D. viscidus
Synonyms Mimulus mephiticus, M. coccineus, M. coccineus var. wolfii, M. densus, M. nanus var. mephiticus, M. reifschneiderae, M. stamineus, M. washoensis, M. wolfii Mimulus brandegeei, M. latifolius
Name authority (Greene) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-39: 29. (2012) (Pennell) G. L. Nesom: Phytoneuron 2012-54: 1. (2012)
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