FNA: Diplacus calycinus vs. Diplacus longiflorus

	Diplacus calycinus	Diplacus longiflorus
	Kaweah River bush monkeyflower, rock bush monkeyflower	southern bush monkeyflower
Habit	Subshrubs.	Subshrubs.
Stems	erect, 150–1500 mm, glandular-pubescent to viscid-villous.	erect, 300–1000(–2000) mm, glandular-puberulent and short-villous.
Leaves	cauline, relatively even-sized; petiole absent; blade elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, sometimes narrowly oblong, 20–75(–100) × 4–20(–28) mm, margins entire or shallowly crenate, plane or revolute, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces moderately villous, hairs unbranched, vitreous, adaxial glabrous.	usually cauline, relatively even-sized; petiole absent; blade elliptic to lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 25–65(–80) × 4–15(–25) mm, margins entire or serrate, revolute, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces densely hairy, hairs branched, adaxial glabrescent.
Pedicels	3–5 mm in fruit.	5–16 mm in fruit.
Flowers	2 per node, chasmogamous.	2 per node, chasmogamous.
Styles	minutely glandular.	minutely glandular.
Corollas	usually pale yellow or cream to yellow, not spotted or striped, palate ridges yellow to golden yellow, tube-throat 35–42 mm, limb 20–30 mm diam., bilabiate, lobes oblong, apex of adaxial 2 each shallowly, asymmetrically incised.	light orange to pale yellow-orange, palate ridges orangish, tube-throat 34–45 mm, limb (25–)28–40 mm diam., bilabiate, lobes oblong, apex of adaxial 2 each shallowly incised.
Calyces	not inflated in fruit, 28–40 mm, densely glandular-pubescent to short glandular-villous, tube slightly dilated distally, lobes unequal, apex acute, ribs green, intercostal areas light green.	not inflated in fruit, 22–32 mm, glandular-puberulent and short glandular-villous to hirsute-villous, tube slightly dilated distally, lobes unequal, apex acute, ribs green, intercostal areas light green.
Capsules	25–35 mm.	18–28 mm.
Anthers	exserted, glabrous.	included, glabrous.
Stigmas	exserted, lobes equal.	included, lobes equal.
2n	= 20.	= 20.

	Diplacus calycinus	Diplacus longiflorus
Phenology	Flowering Apr–Jul.	Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul.
Habitat	Granite outcrops, boulders, rocky gullies.	Rocky hillsides and slopes, talus, chaparral, live oak woodlands.
Elevation	(300–)700–2200 m. ((1000–)2300–7200 ft.)	(50–)100–1300(–1800) m. ((200–)300–4300(–5900) ft.)
Distribution	CA [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	CA; Mexico (Baja California) [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Discussion	Although first described as a separate species, Diplacus calycinus has more recently been treated at subspecific or varietal rank (A. L. Grant 1924; F. W. Pennell 1951; P. A. Munz and D. D. Keck 1973). D. M. Thompson (2005) included both D. calycinus and D. longiflorus within his concept of Mimulus aurantiacus var. pubescens (Torrey) D. M. Thompson. He did not reference the study of sect. Diplacus by M. C. Tulig (2000), but results from the Tulig morphometric analyses indicated that D. calycinus is distinct from D. longiflorus, especially in corolla length, corolla tube length, and style length. The type of Diplacus calycinus is from Tulare County, and the concept of the species is perhaps best restricted to the Sierran population system in Fresno, Kern, and Tulare counties, disjunct from D. longiflorus, which occurs primarily in coastal counties. The Sierran system is characterized by distinct abaxial leaf vestiture; the hairs are unbranched, broad, and vitreous, compared to the branched, thinner, and dull hairs of D. longiflorus. Plants of D. calycinus parapatric with D. longiflorus also show a tendency toward the characteristic vestiture and also have lighter-colored (but more variable in color) corollas with narrower but slightly shorter tubes. Intergradation between D. calycinus and D. longiflorus occurs in the region connecting the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountains in San Bernardino County. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Diplacus longiflorus occurs in southwestern California and northeastern Baja California. Plants and populations intermediate between Diplacus longiflorus and D. puniceus are found where their ranges meet in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Diego counties. The intermediate morphology and geography indicate that these are hybrids (as has been hypothesized by, for example, M. A. Streisfeld and J. R. Kohn 2005; D. M. Thompson 2005; M. C. Tulig and G. L. Nesom 2012), which have been identified as D. ×australis (McMinn ex Munz) Tulig. Streisfeld and Kohn found that in San Diego County, D. longiflorus and D. puniceus are discrete in morphology and separated in geography, with a narrow zone of hybrids and putative introgressants between. Plants identified as Diplacus ×lompocensis McMinn (as species) occur where the geographic ranges of D. aurantiacus and D. longiflorus meet in Santa Barbara County and southern San Luis Obispo County; these plants have floral features intermediate between these two species. Stable populations of the putative hybrid are found throughout this region, although at either end of its distribution, the populations may more closely resemble the nearer parent. Considering that both D. aurantiacus and D. longiflorus are morphologically consistent across broad regions, D. ×lompocensis is perhaps best interpreted as a zone of introgression. Diplacus ×australis and D. ×lompocensis are similar to D. longiflorus as well as to each other in most features; they are easily separated only by geographic range. Diplacus longiflorus is distinct from both in its larger corolla features and, frequently, calyx indument. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 17, p. 449.	FNA vol. 17, p. 450.
Parent taxa	Phrymaceae > Diplacus	Phrymaceae > Diplacus
Sibling taxa	D. angustatus, D. aridus, D. aurantiacus, D. bicolor, D. bigelovii, D. bolanderi, D. brandegeei, D. brevipes, D. cascadensis, D. clevelandii, D. clivicola, D. compactus, D. congdonii, D. constrictus, D. cusickii, D. cusickioides, D. deschutesensis, D. douglasii, D. fremontii, D. grandiflorus, D. graniticola, D. jepsonii, D. johnstonii, D. kelloggii, D. layneae, D. leptaleus, D. linearis, D. longiflorus, D. mephiticus, D. mohavensis, D. nanus, D. ovatus, D. parryi, D. parviflorus, D. pictus, D. pulchellus, D. puniceus, D. pygmaeus, D. rattanii, D. rupicola, D. rutilus, D. thompsonii, D. torreyi, D. traskiae, D. tricolor, D. vandenbergensis, D. viscidus	D. angustatus, D. aridus, D. aurantiacus, D. bicolor, D. bigelovii, D. bolanderi, D. brandegeei, D. brevipes, D. calycinus, D. cascadensis, D. clevelandii, D. clivicola, D. compactus, D. congdonii, D. constrictus, D. cusickii, D. cusickioides, D. deschutesensis, D. douglasii, D. fremontii, D. grandiflorus, D. graniticola, D. jepsonii, D. johnstonii, D. kelloggii, D. layneae, D. leptaleus, D. linearis, D. mephiticus, D. mohavensis, D. nanus, D. ovatus, D. parryi, D. parviflorus, D. pictus, D. pulchellus, D. puniceus, D. pygmaeus, D. rattanii, D. rupicola, D. rutilus, D. thompsonii, D. torreyi, D. traskiae, D. tricolor, D. vandenbergensis, D. viscidus
Synonyms	D. longiflorus var. calycinus, Mimulus longiflorus subsp. calycinus, M. longiflorus var. calycinus	D. arachnoideus, D. glutinosus var. pubescens, Mimulus aurantiacus var. pubescens, M. longiflorus
Name authority	Eastwood: Bot. Gaz. 41: 287. (1906)	Nuttall: Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 139. (1838) — (as longiflora)
Web links	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	Local floras: CA Local Web sites: CalFlora, CalPhotos WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Diplacus longiflorus

Kaweah River bush monkeyflower, rock bush monkeyflower

southern bush monkeyflower

Habit

Subshrubs.

Stems

erect, 150–1500 mm, glandular-pubescent to viscid-villous.

erect, 300–1000(–2000) mm, glandular-puberulent and short-villous.

Leaves

cauline, relatively even-sized;

petiole absent;

blade elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, sometimes narrowly oblong, 20–75(–100) × 4–20(–28) mm, margins entire or shallowly crenate, plane or revolute, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces moderately villous, hairs unbranched, vitreous, adaxial glabrous.

usually cauline, relatively even-sized;

petiole absent;

blade elliptic to lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, or elliptic-oblanceolate, 25–65(–80) × 4–15(–25) mm, margins entire or serrate, revolute, apex acute to obtuse, abaxial surfaces densely hairy, hairs branched, adaxial glabrescent.

Pedicels

3–5 mm in fruit.

5–16 mm in fruit.

Flowers

2 per node, chasmogamous.

Styles

minutely glandular.

Corollas

usually pale yellow or cream to yellow, not spotted or striped, palate ridges yellow to golden yellow, tube-throat 35–42 mm, limb 20–30 mm diam., bilabiate, lobes oblong, apex of adaxial 2 each shallowly, asymmetrically incised.

light orange to pale yellow-orange, palate ridges orangish, tube-throat 34–45 mm, limb (25–)28–40 mm diam., bilabiate, lobes oblong, apex of adaxial 2 each shallowly incised.

Calyces

not inflated in fruit, 28–40 mm, densely glandular-pubescent to short glandular-villous, tube slightly dilated distally, lobes unequal, apex acute, ribs green, intercostal areas light green.

not inflated in fruit, 22–32 mm, glandular-puberulent and short glandular-villous to hirsute-villous, tube slightly dilated distally, lobes unequal, apex acute, ribs green, intercostal areas light green.

Capsules

25–35 mm.

18–28 mm.

Anthers

exserted, glabrous.

included, glabrous.

Stigmas

exserted, lobes equal.

included, lobes equal.

= 20.

Diplacus calycinus

Diplacus longiflorus

Phenology

Flowering Apr–Jul.

Flowering (Mar–)Apr–Jul.

Habitat

Granite outcrops, boulders, rocky gullies.

Rocky hillsides and slopes, talus, chaparral, live oak woodlands.

Elevation

(300–)700–2200 m. ((1000–)2300–7200 ft.)

(50–)100–1300(–1800) m. ((200–)300–4300(–5900) ft.)

Distribution

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

CA; Mexico (Baja California)

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

Discussion

Although first described as a separate species, Diplacus calycinus has more recently been treated at subspecific or varietal rank (A. L. Grant 1924; F. W. Pennell 1951; P. A. Munz and D. D. Keck 1973). D. M. Thompson (2005) included both D. calycinus and D. longiflorus within his concept of Mimulus aurantiacus var. pubescens (Torrey) D. M. Thompson. He did not reference the study of sect. Diplacus by M. C. Tulig (2000), but results from the Tulig morphometric analyses indicated that D. calycinus is distinct from D. longiflorus, especially in corolla length, corolla tube length, and style length.

The type of Diplacus calycinus is from Tulare County, and the concept of the species is perhaps best restricted to the Sierran population system in Fresno, Kern, and Tulare counties, disjunct from D. longiflorus, which occurs primarily in coastal counties. The Sierran system is characterized by distinct abaxial leaf vestiture; the hairs are unbranched, broad, and vitreous, compared to the branched, thinner, and dull hairs of D. longiflorus. Plants of D. calycinus parapatric with D. longiflorus also show a tendency toward the characteristic vestiture and also have lighter-colored (but more variable in color) corollas with narrower but slightly shorter tubes. Intergradation between D. calycinus and D. longiflorus occurs in the region connecting the San Bernardino and San Gabriel mountains in San Bernardino County.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Diplacus longiflorus occurs in southwestern California and northeastern Baja California.

Plants and populations intermediate between Diplacus longiflorus and D. puniceus are found where their ranges meet in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Diego counties. The intermediate morphology and geography indicate that these are hybrids (as has been hypothesized by, for example, M. A. Streisfeld and J. R. Kohn 2005; D. M. Thompson 2005; M. C. Tulig and G. L. Nesom 2012), which have been identified as D. ×australis (McMinn ex Munz) Tulig. Streisfeld and Kohn found that in San Diego County, D. longiflorus and D. puniceus are discrete in morphology and separated in geography, with a narrow zone of hybrids and putative introgressants between.

Plants identified as Diplacus ×lompocensis McMinn (as species) occur where the geographic ranges of D. aurantiacus and D. longiflorus meet in Santa Barbara County and southern San Luis Obispo County; these plants have floral features intermediate between these two species. Stable populations of the putative hybrid are found throughout this region, although at either end of its distribution, the populations may more closely resemble the nearer parent. Considering that both D. aurantiacus and D. longiflorus are morphologically consistent across broad regions, D. ×lompocensis is perhaps best interpreted as a zone of introgression.

Diplacus ×australis and D. ×lompocensis are similar to D. longiflorus as well as to each other in most features; they are easily separated only by geographic range. Diplacus longiflorus is distinct from both in its larger corolla features and, frequently, calyx indument.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 17, p. 449.

FNA vol. 17, p. 450.

Parent taxa

Phrymaceae > Diplacus

Sibling taxa

D. angustatus, D. aridus, D. aurantiacus, D. bicolor, D. bigelovii, D. bolanderi, D. brandegeei, D. brevipes, D. cascadensis, D. clevelandii, D. clivicola, D. compactus, D. congdonii, D. constrictus, D. cusickii, D. cusickioides, D. deschutesensis, D. douglasii, D. fremontii, D. grandiflorus, D. graniticola, D. jepsonii, D. johnstonii, D. kelloggii, D. layneae, D. leptaleus, D. linearis, D. longiflorus, D. mephiticus, D. mohavensis, D. nanus, D. ovatus, D. parryi, D. parviflorus, D. pictus, D. pulchellus, D. puniceus, D. pygmaeus, D. rattanii, D. rupicola, D. rutilus, D. thompsonii, D. torreyi, D. traskiae, D. tricolor, D. vandenbergensis, D. viscidus

D. angustatus, D. aridus, D. aurantiacus, D. bicolor, D. bigelovii, D. bolanderi, D. brandegeei, D. brevipes, D. calycinus, D. cascadensis, D. clevelandii, D. clivicola, D. compactus, D. congdonii, D. constrictus, D. cusickii, D. cusickioides, D. deschutesensis, D. douglasii, D. fremontii, D. grandiflorus, D. graniticola, D. jepsonii, D. johnstonii, D. kelloggii, D. layneae, D. leptaleus, D. linearis, D. mephiticus, D. mohavensis, D. nanus, D. ovatus, D. parryi, D. parviflorus, D. pictus, D. pulchellus, D. puniceus, D. pygmaeus, D. rattanii, D. rupicola, D. rutilus, D. thompsonii, D. torreyi, D. traskiae, D. tricolor, D. vandenbergensis, D. viscidus

Synonyms

D. longiflorus var. calycinus, Mimulus longiflorus subsp. calycinus, M. longiflorus var. calycinus

D. arachnoideus, D. glutinosus var. pubescens, Mimulus aurantiacus var. pubescens, M. longiflorus

Name authority

Eastwood: Bot. Gaz. 41: 287. (1906)

Nuttall: Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 139. (1838) — (as longiflora)

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

Choose a data source: Flora of North America

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Diplacus calycinus

Diplacus longiflorus

Diplacus calycinus

Diplacus longiflorus