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slender crabgrass

Madagascar crabgrass

Habit Plants annual, or short-lived perennials; cespitose, not rhizomatous. Plants perennial; rhizomatous and stoloniferous.
Culms

(10)25-150 cm, erect or decumbent, branching, sometimes rooting at the lower nodes;

nodes 3-6.

50-250 cm, erect or decumbent, rooting or not at the lower nodes.

Sheaths

keeled, basal sheaths usually with papillose-based hairs, rarely glabrous;

ligules 0.3-1.5 mm;

blades 2-18 cm long, 1-6 mm wide, flat or involute, glabrous, scabrous, or pilose.

Panicles

with 2-7 spikelike primary branches, these digitate or the rachises to 1 cm;

longest primary branches 20-25 cm, axes triquetrous, not winged, with spikelets in unequally pedicellate groups of 3(-5) on the basal ½ (J.

with 2-18 spikelike primary branches, these digitate or with rachises to 6 cm;

primary branches 5-25 cm, axes wing-margined, wings about as wide as the midribs, bearing spikelets in unequally pedicellate pairs;

secondary branches rarely present;

shorter pedicels 0.2-0.3 mm;

longer pedicels 1-1.5 mm.

Spikelets

1.3-2.8 mm.

homomorphic, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm wide, lanceolate.

Lower glumes

absent or to 0.1 mm;

upper glumes 1-2 mm long, from 3/4 to almost as long as the spikelets, almost glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent with clavate to capitate hairs (use 20x magnification), glume apices rounded;

lower lemmas equaling the spikelets, glabrous or glandular-pubescent, 5-7-veined, veins unequally spaced, outer 3 veins on each side closer to each other than the midvein is to the inner lateral veins;

upper lemmas 1.3-2 mm, apiculate, dark brown at maturity;

anthers 0.3-0.6 mm.

0.2-0.5 mm, acute to truncate;

upper glumes (1.2)1.6-2.3 mm, from 1/5 as long as to almost equaling the spikelets;

lower lemmas 2.5-3.5 mm, 7-veined, veins unequally spaced, midvein and lateral veins scabrous at least on the distal 1/2, margins and region between the inner 2 lateral veins with straight, yellowish, 0.6-1 mm hairs;

upper lemmas gray to tan at maturity.

Wipff

, pers.

Comm

.).

Basal

sheaths glabrous or variously pubescent (pilose, rarely tomentose or with papillose-based hairs);

upper sheaths glabrous;

ligules 0.8-2.5 mm;

blades 6-15(30) cm long, 3.5-8.5(13) mm wide, glabrous adaxially, rarely hirsute, with papillose-based hairs basally, margins scabridulous.

2n

= 36, 54.

= 18, 34, 36, 45, 54, 72(?).

Digitaria filiformis

Digitaria milanjiana

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
FL; TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Digitaria filiformis grows throughout the warmer parts of the eastern United States, van filifomis the most widespread of its varieties, extending into Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Digitaria milanjiana is native to tropical and subtropical Africa. It has been found as an escape from experimental plantings in Florida.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Lower lemmas glabrous
var. laeviglumis
1. Lower lemmas pubescent.
→ 2
2. Basal leaf sheaths glabrous; cauline blades about 1 mm wide, folded or involute
var. dolichophylla
2. Basal leaf sheaths with papillose-based hairs; cauline blades 1-6 mm wide, flat.
→ 3
3. Spikelets 1.3-1.9 mm long; panicle branches 3-13 cm long; culms 10-80 cm tall
var. filiformis
3. Spikelets 2-2.8 mm long; panicle branches 10-25 cm long; plants 75-150 cm tall
var. villosa
Source FNA vol. 25, p. 364. FNA vol. 25, p. 376.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Digitaria Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Digitaria
Sibling taxa
D. abyssinica, D. arenicola, D. bakeri, D. bicornis, D. californica, D. ciliaris, D. cognata, D. didactyla, D. eriantha, D. floridana, D. gracillima, D. hitchcockii, D. horizontalis, D. insularis, D. ischaemum, D. leucocoma, D. longiflora, D. milanjiana, D. nuda, D. patens, D. pauciflora, D. pubiflora, D. sanguinalis, D. serotina, D. setigera, D. simpsonii, D. texana, D. tomentosa, D. velutina, D. violascens
D. abyssinica, D. arenicola, D. bakeri, D. bicornis, D. californica, D. ciliaris, D. cognata, D. didactyla, D. eriantha, D. filiformis, D. floridana, D. gracillima, D. hitchcockii, D. horizontalis, D. insularis, D. ischaemum, D. leucocoma, D. longiflora, D. nuda, D. patens, D. pauciflora, D. pubiflora, D. sanguinalis, D. serotina, D. setigera, D. simpsonii, D. texana, D. tomentosa, D. velutina, D. violascens
Subordinate taxa
D. filiformis var. dolichophylla, D. filiformis var. filiformis, D. filiformis var. laeviglumis, D. filiformis var. villosa
Synonyms Syntherisma filiformis
Name authority (L.) Koeler (Rendle) Stapf
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