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Carolina cottontop, Carolina crabgrass, fall crabgrass, fall witchgrass

African couchgrass

Habit Plants perennial; cespitose, without rhizomes. Plants perennial; rhizomatous, mat-forming.
Culms

30-56 cm, erect;

nodes glabrous.

5-80 cm, decumbent, occasionally rooting at the lower nodes, branching freely at the base, erect portion 20-40 cm;

nodes 2-6.

Sheaths

of midculm leaves glabrous or hirsute, with papillose-based hairs;

ligules 0.8-2.1 mm;

blades 4-15 cm long, 3-10 mm wide, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with papillose-based hairs.

Leaves

mainly cauline;

sheaths glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent, sometimes with papillose-based hairs;

ligules 0.2-1.5 mm, entire to lacerate;

blades 2.4-12.6 cm long, 2-5.4 mm wide, glabrous or pubescent.

Panicles

simple, 12.8-27.5 cm long, 16.5-44.5 cm wide, open;

branches divergent;

lower primary branches 10.5-24 cm, often with 1-several sterile branches near the base;

pedicels divergent, spikelets solitary.

with 2-25 spikelike primary branches on 1-9 cm rachises;

primary branches 2-11 cm, axes not winged or narrowly winged, wings less than 1/2 as wide as the midribs, bearing spikelets in unequally pedicellate pairs;

secondary branches rarely present;

pedicels not adnate to the branch axes.

Spikelets

2.2-3.1 mm long, 0.7-1.1 mm wide, obovate or broadly elliptic.

1.5-2.5 mm long, 0.8-0.95 mm wide, ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, usually plump, usually purple-tinged.

Lower glumes

0.1-0.8 mm;

upper glumes 1.8-2.8 mm, 3(5)-veined, glabrous or pubescent between the veins, hairs appearing as a narrow stripe;

lower lemmas similar to the upper glumes in length, texture, and pubescence, 7-veined, veins unequally spaced, lateral veins closer together than the 3 central veins;

upper lemmas 1.9-2.9 mm, glabrous, dark brown, narrowly acute;

anthers 0.5-0.7 mm, yellow or purple.

absent or to 0.8 mm and acute;

upper glumes 1.2-2.4 mm, from 0.8 times as long as to almost equaling the spikelets, glabrous, 3-7-veined, veins usually prominent;

lower lemmas 1.5-2.5 mm, usually glabrous, occasionally obscurely puberulent on the margins or, very rarely, distinctly pubescent, 7-veined, veins usually prominent;

upper lemmas light brown, gray, and purple.

Caryopses

1.3-1.6 mm.

2n

= 36.

= 36.

Digitaria cognata

Digitaria abyssinica

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; ON
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from FNA
HI
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Discussion

Digitaria cognata grows in dry, sandy soils in the eastern portion of the Flora region from southern Ontario and Vermont through the United States and thence to southern Mexico.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Introduced from Africa, Digitaria abyssinica is not known to be established in the Flora region although it has occasionally been cultivated in the southern United States. It is considered a potentially serious weed threat by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 25, p. 362. FNA vol. 25, p. 372.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Digitaria Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Digitaria
Sibling taxa
D. abyssinica, D. arenicola, D. bakeri, D. bicornis, D. californica, D. ciliaris, D. didactyla, D. eriantha, D. filiformis, D. floridana, D. gracillima, D. hitchcockii, D. horizontalis, D. insularis, D. ischaemum, D. leucocoma, D. longiflora, D. milanjiana, D. nuda, D. patens, D. pauciflora, D. pubiflora, D. sanguinalis, D. serotina, D. setigera, D. simpsonii, D. texana, D. tomentosa, D. velutina, D. violascens
D. arenicola, D. bakeri, D. bicornis, D. californica, D. ciliaris, D. cognata, D. didactyla, D. eriantha, D. filiformis, D. floridana, D. gracillima, D. hitchcockii, D. horizontalis, D. insularis, D. ischaemum, D. leucocoma, D. longiflora, D. milanjiana, D. nuda, D. patens, D. pauciflora, D. pubiflora, D. sanguinalis, D. serotina, D. setigera, D. simpsonii, D. texana, D. tomentosa, D. velutina, D. violascens
Synonyms Leptoloma cognatum
Name authority (Schult.) Pilg. (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf
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