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fingergrass, Henry's crabgrass, kukaepua'a, saulangi, smooth crabgrass, southern crab grass, tropical crabgrass

African couchgrass

Habit Plants annual or of indefinite duration. Plants perennial; rhizomatous, mat-forming.
Culms

10-100 cm long, erect portion 30-60 cm, long-decumbent, rooting and branching at the decumbent nodes, sparingly branched or unbranched from the upper nodes;

nodes 2-5, glabrous.

5-80 cm, decumbent, occasionally rooting at the lower nodes, branching freely at the base, erect portion 20-40 cm;

nodes 2-6.

Sheaths

with papillose-based hairs;

ligules 2-3.5 mm, erose;

blades 1.5-14.4(18.9) cm long, 3-9 mm wide, flat, glabrous, a few scattered papillose-based hairs at the base of the adaxial surfaces (occasionally over the whole adaxial surface), usually also scabrous on both surfaces.

of midculm leaves glabrous or hirsute, with papillose-based hairs;

ligules 0.8-2.1 mm;

blades 4-15 cm long, 3-10 mm wide, glabrous or sparsely pubescent with papillose-based hairs.

Panicles

with 2-10 spikelike primary branches, these digitate or in 1-3 whorls on rachises to 2 cm;

lowest panicle nodes with hairs more than 0.4 mm;

primary branches 3-24 cm long, 0.6-1.2(2) mm wide, glabrous or with less than 1 mm hairs, axes wing-margined, wings at least 1/2 as wide as the midribs, lower and middle portions of the branches bearing spikelets in unequally pedicellate pairs;

secondary branches absent;

shorter pedicels 0.5-1 mm;

longer pedicels 1.5-4 mm.

with 2-25 spikelike primary branches on 1-9 cm rachises;

primary branches 2-11 cm, axes not winged or narrowly winged, wings less than 1/2 as wide as the midribs, bearing spikelets in unequally pedicellate pairs;

secondary branches rarely present;

pedicels not adnate to the branch axes.

Spikelets

(2.7)2.8-4.1 mm long, homomorphic.

1.5-2.5 mm long, 0.8-0.95 mm wide, ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, usually plump, usually purple-tinged.

Lower

glumes 0.2-0.8 mm, acute;

upper glumes (1.2)1.5-2.7 mm, about 2/3 to almost as long as the spikelet, 3-veined, margins and apices pilose;

lower lemmas 2.7-4.1 mm, 7-veined, veins unequally spaced, outer 3 veins crowded together near each margin, well-separated from the midvein, usually smooth, occasionally the lateral veins scabridulous on the distal 1/3 margins and regions between the 2 inner lateral veins hairy, hairs 0.5-1 mm (rarely glabrous), sometimes also with glassy yellow hairs between the 2 inner lateral veins, these more common on the upper spikelets;

upper lemmas 2.5-4 mm, glabrous, yellow, tan, or gray when immature, becoming brown, often purple-tinged (occasionally completely purple) at maturity;

anthers 0.6-1 mm.

glumes absent or to 0.8 mm and acute;

upper glumes 1.2-2.4 mm, from 0.8 times as long as to almost equaling the spikelets, glabrous, 3-7-veined, veins usually prominent;

lower lemmas 1.5-2.5 mm, usually glabrous, occasionally obscurely puberulent on the margins or, very rarely, distinctly pubescent, 7-veined, veins usually prominent;

upper lemmas light brown, gray, and purple.

2n

= 54.

= 36.

Digitaria ciliaris

Digitaria abyssinica

Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NE; NJ; NM; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; UT; VA; HI; PR; Virgin Islands
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
HI
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Digitaria ciliaris is a weedy species, found in open, disturbed areas in most warm-temperate to tropical regions, primarily in the eastern United States. It is particularly abundant in the Southeast. So far as is known, the two varieties distinguished in the following key do not differ in any other characters. They are recognized here pending further study.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Introduced from Africa, Digitaria abyssinica is not known to be established in the Flora region although it has occasionally been cultivated in the southern United States. It is considered a potentially serious weed threat by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Lower lemmas without glassy yellow hairs
var. ciliaris
1. Lower lemmas with glassy yellow hairs
var. chrysoblephara
Source FNA vol. 25, p. 382. FNA vol. 25, p. 372.
Parent taxa Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Digitaria Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Digitaria
Sibling taxa
D. abyssinica, D. arenicola, D. bakeri, D. bicornis, D. californica, D. cognata, D. didactyla, D. eriantha, D. filiformis, D. floridana, D. gracillima, D. hitchcockii, D. horizontalis, D. insularis, D. ischaemum, D. leucocoma, D. longiflora, D. milanjiana, D. nuda, D. patens, D. pauciflora, D. pubiflora, D. sanguinalis, D. serotina, D. setigera, D. simpsonii, D. texana, D. tomentosa, D. velutina, D. violascens
D. arenicola, D. bakeri, D. bicornis, D. californica, D. ciliaris, D. cognata, D. didactyla, D. eriantha, D. filiformis, D. floridana, D. gracillima, D. hitchcockii, D. horizontalis, D. insularis, D. ischaemum, D. leucocoma, D. longiflora, D. milanjiana, D. nuda, D. patens, D. pauciflora, D. pubiflora, D. sanguinalis, D. serotina, D. setigera, D. simpsonii, D. texana, D. tomentosa, D. velutina, D. violascens
Subordinate taxa
D. ciliaris var. chrysoblephara, D. ciliaris var. ciliaris
Name authority (Retz.) Koeler (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf
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