Flora of North America species comparison

leaves often twisted, appressed to weakly spreading or spreading-flexuose when dry, spreading to spreading-recurved and not keeled when moist, monomorphic, lanceolate, grooved adaxially along the costa, especially near leaf apex, 0.8–2.5(–4) mm, base scarcely differentiated to oblong in shape, margins recurved below mid leaf or to above mid leaf, entire, apex acute, not fragile, commonly ending in a conical cell;

costa percurrent or more commonly short-excurrent, not strongly spurred, not much widened or tapering, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, adaxial costal cells quadrate to short-rectangular, ca. 4 cells wide at mid leaf, guide cells in 1(–2) layers;

basal laminal cells differentiated medially or across the leaf, walls thin to weakly thickened, rectangular or seldom quadrate, not perforated;

distal laminal cells 7–10 µm wide, 1:1, nearly smooth or papillae simple or 2-fid, 2–3 per lumen, lumens irregular or oval to rounded-quadrate, walls thin or evenly thickened, convex on both sides of lamina, 1-stratose or occasionally 2-stratose in patches.

leaves appressed when dry, spreading and not keeled when moist, monomorphic; ovate to ovate-lanceolate, adaxial surface broadly concave across leaf and sometimes narrowly channeled near apex, 1.2–1.5 mm;

base weakly differentiated in shape, broadly ovate, sheathing at insertion;

margins recurved in lower 2/3–3/4, minutely crenulate by projecting cell walls;

apex acute to short-acuminate, occasionally broken off;

costa percurrent, strong, often weakly spurred, without an adaxial pad of cells or this weakly developed, adaxial cells quadrate from apex to near insertion, in 6-10 rows, guide cells in 2 layers;

basal laminal cells not differentiated or of 2–5 rows of slightly larger cells, walls of basal cells evenly thickened, quadrate to short-rectangular;

distal laminal cells 9–13 mm wide, 1:1(–2), often transversely elongate near proximal leaf margins, papillae of 2–4 hemispherical salients per cell or essentially absent and cells appearing broadly mammillose, lumens rounded-quadrate to ovate, walls evenly thickened and convex on both sides of lamina.

0.8–1 cm.

1.

1.5–2.5 mm;

peristome teeth 32, linear, twisted 1/2 to once, to 1300 µm, occasionally rudimentary or absent.

1.5–2 mm;

peristome teeth apparently absent or rudimentary.

9–12 µm. Distal laminal KOH reaction light to dark red-brown, occasionally deep red-orange.

10–13 µm. Distal laminal KOH reaction deep brick or rose red.

asexual reproduction very rare, by multicellular gemmae in clusters in leaf axils.

asexual reproduction by fragile foliose stem tips.

–1.4 cm.