Flora of North America species comparison

leaves often twisted, appressed to weakly spreading or spreading-flexuose when dry, spreading to spreading-recurved and not keeled when moist, monomorphic, lanceolate, grooved adaxially along the costa, especially near leaf apex, 0.8–2.5(–4) mm, base scarcely differentiated to oblong in shape, margins recurved below mid leaf or to above mid leaf, entire, apex acute, not fragile, commonly ending in a conical cell;

costa percurrent or more commonly short-excurrent, not strongly spurred, not much widened or tapering, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, adaxial costal cells quadrate to short-rectangular, ca. 4 cells wide at mid leaf, guide cells in 1(–2) layers;

basal laminal cells differentiated medially or across the leaf, walls thin to weakly thickened, rectangular or seldom quadrate, not perforated;

distal laminal cells 7–10 µm wide, 1:1, nearly smooth or papillae simple or 2-fid, 2–3 per lumen, lumens irregular or oval to rounded-quadrate, walls thin or evenly thickened, convex on both sides of lamina, 1-stratose or occasionally 2-stratose in patches.

leaves appressed and incurved when dry, patent to spreading-recurved and not keeled when moist, monomorphic, long-lanceolate, grooved adaxially along the costa, especially near leaf apex, 2–3 mm, base scarcely differentiated or short-oblong, margins narrowly recurved in proximal 1/3–1/2 of leaf, often broadly crenate (ca. 8–10 cells across), sinuose or weakly notched in distal 2/3–3/4 of leaf, apex narrowly acute or narrowly blunt and long-acuminate, somewhat fragile;

costa percurrent or short-excurrent, not strongly spurred, not much widened or tapering, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, adaxial costal cells quadrate, ca. 4 cells wide at mid leaf, guide cells in 2 layers;

basal laminal cells very weakly differentiated medially, walls thin to weakly thickened, quadrate to short-rectangular, not perforated;

distal laminal cells 7–9 µm wide, 1:1, nearly smooth or papillae simple or 2-fid, 2–3 per lumen, lumens rounded-quadrate, walls thin or evenly thickened, weakly convex on both sides of lamina, distal 2/3–3/4 of the leaf margins 2-stratose with 1–2 rows of cells similar to the medial cells of the lamina.

0.8–1 cm.

0.8–1.2 cm.

apparently dioicous;

perigonia not seen;

perichaetial leaves little different from the cauline or with wider bases.

1.5–2.5 mm;

peristome teeth 32, linear, twisted 1/2 to once, to 1300 µm, occasionally rudimentary or absent.

2–2.4 mm;

peristome teeth 32, linear, weakly twisted or to 1/2 times, ca. 700–1000 µm. Spores 8–10(–13) µm. Distal laminal KOH reaction yellow-red.

9–12 µm. Distal laminal KOH reaction light to dark red-brown, occasionally deep red-orange.

asexual reproduction very rare, by multicellular gemmae in clusters in leaf axils.

asexual reproduction apparently by fragile leaves.