Flora of North America species comparison

leaves often twisted, appressed to weakly spreading or spreading-flexuose when dry, spreading to spreading-recurved and not keeled when moist, monomorphic, lanceolate, grooved adaxially along the costa, especially near leaf apex, 0.8–2.5(–4) mm, base scarcely differentiated to oblong in shape, margins recurved below mid leaf or to above mid leaf, entire, apex acute, not fragile, commonly ending in a conical cell;

costa percurrent or more commonly short-excurrent, not strongly spurred, not much widened or tapering, lacking an adaxial pad of cells, adaxial costal cells quadrate to short-rectangular, ca. 4 cells wide at mid leaf, guide cells in 1(–2) layers;

basal laminal cells differentiated medially or across the leaf, walls thin to weakly thickened, rectangular or seldom quadrate, not perforated;

distal laminal cells 7–10 µm wide, 1:1, nearly smooth or papillae simple or 2-fid, 2–3 per lumen, lumens irregular or oval to rounded-quadrate, walls thin or evenly thickened, convex on both sides of lamina, 1-stratose or occasionally 2-stratose in patches.

leaves appressed-incurved when dry, usually strongly recurved and keeled when moist, monomorphic, triangular to lanceolate, adaxially grooved along costa, 1.2–2.5 mm, base ovate, margins strongly and broadly recurved in proximal 1/2 or up to near apex, entire, apex narrowly to broadly acute, not fragile, commonly ending in a conical cell;

costa percurrent or ending 1–4 cells before the apex, tapering, widened pad of cells absent, adaxial costal cells quadrate to short-rectangular, 4–6 cells wide at mid leaf, guide cells in 1 layer;

basal laminal cells differentiated medially or across leaf, rectangular, walls usually thickened;

distal laminal cells 13–15 µm wide, 1:1, papillae usually absent, rarely simple, weak and domelike, 1 per lumen, lumens rounded or angular, walls thickened, often irregular or very weakly trigonous, weakly to strongly convex on both sides, 1-stratose.

0.8–1 cm.

0.4–0.6 cm.

1.5–2.5 mm;

peristome teeth 32, linear, twisted 1/2 to once, to 1300 µm, occasionally rudimentary or absent.

ca. 1 mm;

peristome teeth 16, short-lanceolate to linear, irregularly cleft or perforate to near base, straight, to 50–300 µm. Spores 13–15 µm. Distal laminal KOH reaction red.

9–12 µm. Distal laminal KOH reaction light to dark red-brown, occasionally deep red-orange.

asexual reproduction very rare, by multicellular gemmae in clusters in leaf axils.

asexual reproduction specialized structures absent.