Flora of North America species comparison

4–15 cm, densely tomentose with whitish or reddish rhizoids.

3–16 cm, naked or with a few whitish rhizoids, rarely moderately tomentose, rhizoids (micronemata) in rows above each leaf.

erect to spreading, ± flexuose, little changed when dry, strongly undulate, (5.5–)7–9.5(–10.5) × 1–2 mm, lanceolate, concave proximally, keeled above, acute;

margins strongly toothed in the distal half;

laminae 1-stratose;

costa ending before apex, occupying ca. 1/16–1/8 of leaf base, strong, with two toothed ridges distally on abaxial surface, with one row of guide cells, two stereid bands, adaxial epidermal layer of cells not differentiated, abaxial layer with a few cells enlarged;

cell walls between lamina cells not bulging;

leaf cells smooth;

alar cells 2-stratose, well-differentiated, not extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (45–)78–129(–156) × (5–)9–10(–14) µm;

distal laminal cells shorter, sinuose, pitted, (42–)64–68(–115) × (4–)9–10(–13)µm. Sexual condition pseudomonoicous;

dwarf male plants on stem rhizoids of female plants;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly long-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

somewhat sparse, falcate-secund or erect-patent, flexuose or straight, little changed when dry, usually smooth, (6–)8–11.5(–15) × 1–2 mm, concave proximally, tubulose above, from a lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate base, gradually narrowed to a long, falcate-secund or straight, acute apex;

margins serrate in the distal half, sometimes slightly serrulate above to almost entire;

laminae 1-stratose or with few 2-stratose regions on or near the margins;

costa percurrent to shortly excurrent, 1/12–1/7 the width of the leaves at base, toothed distally or serrulate to nearly smooth on abaxial surface, with a double row of guide cells that is sometimes interrupted, two stereid bands extending to apex, adaxial epidermal layer of cells with some cells differentiated, the abaxial layer completely differentiated;

cell walls between lamina cells not bulging;

leaf cells smooth or abaxially prorate or toothed above;

alar cells 2-stratose or multistratose, well-differentiated, not extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (42–)71–112(–140) × (5–)9–10(–15) µm;

distal laminal cells shorter, linear to oval, pitted, (42–)47–61(–99) × (7–)10–11(–17) µm. Sexual condition pseudomonoicous;

dwarf males among rhizoids of female plants;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly long-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

1.5–4 cm, usually aggregate, 3–6 per perichaetium, brown or reddish brown.

2.5–5 cm, aggregate, 2–5 per perichaetium, rarely solitary, yellow to light brown.

2–3.5 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, furrowed when dry, yellowish brown or reddish brown;

operculum 2–4 mm.

2–3.5 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, smooth to faintly striate when dry, dark brown or yellowish brown;

operculum 2–3 mm.

12–24 µm.

14–19 µm.