Flora of North America species comparison

1–6(–18) cm, tomen-tose to scarcely tomentose with white or reddish brown rhizoids.

3–8(–17) cm, densely tomentose with reddish brown rhizoids.

falcate-secund, often strongly so, sometimes somewhat sparse, distal leaves curled, proximal leaves with flexuose apices, slightly to strongly curled and crisped when dry, smooth, (3–)4–7(–10) × 0.6–1 mm, concave below, keeled above, from a lanceolate base to a gradually narrowed, fine, keeled subula;

margins entire proximally, serrulate to strongly serrate in the distal half, sometimes nearly entire throughout;

laminae 1-stratose and usually 2-stratose above on one or both margins, rarely some 2-stratose regions near costa;

costa excurrent, 1/6–1/4 the width of the leaves at base, strong, terete, papillose to spinose distally on abaxial surface, occasionally almost smooth, sometimes extending to costa, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, 2 well-developed stereid bands extending to distal part of leaf, adaxial epidermal layer of cells not differentiated, abaxial epidermal layer differentiated;

cell walls between lamina cells slightly bulging;

leaf cells smooth to slightly papillose below on abaxial surface, papillose to spinose prorate above on abaxial surface;

alar cells 2-stratose, strongly differentiated, sometimes extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (19–)43–62(–93) × (2–)6–8(–12) µm;

distal laminal cells irregularly rounded, elliptic, short-rectangular to quadrate, not pitted, (7–)9–23(–36) × (4–)8–12(–14) µm. Sexual condition dioicous;

male plants as large as females, growing intermixed, or in separate patches;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly short-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

erect-appressed or sometimes slightly falcate or flexuose, somewhat contorted when dry, the apex often twisted, weakly to strongly undulate, (4.5–)5–7.5(–11) × 0.7–1.2 mm, concave proximally, keeled above, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, broadly acute, rarely narrowly acute;

margins plane, sometimes involute at base, broadly recurved at apex, entire proximally, serrulate to serrate in the distal half;

laminae 1-stratose, sometimes with a few 2-stratose regions;

costa strong, ending before the apex, sometimes nearly percurrent, 1/6–1/3 the width of the leaves at base, smooth to serrulate above on abaxial surface, with a row of guide cells, two stereid bands extending to apex, adaxial epidermal layer of cells not differentiated, the abaxial layer diffferentiated;

cell walls between lamina cells weakly to strongly bulging abaxially and adaxially;

leaf cells smooth to ± papillose near apex on abaxial surface;

alar cells 2-stratose, differentiated, not extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells elongate, incrassate, pitted, (22–)38–61(–79) × (2–)4–6(–8) µm;

median laminal cells rectangular, pitted;

distal laminal cells short-rectangular to irregularly angled, not pitted, (7–)11–14(–28) × (4–)11–12(–17) µm. Sexual condition pseudomonoicous;

dwarf males on stem rhizoids of female plants;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

1–3.5 cm, solitary, yellow, reddish yellow or brown.

2–4 cm, solitary, yellow to brown.

1–3 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, strumose, strongly furrowed when dry, somewhat contracted below mouth, dark brown to reddish brown;

operculum 1–2 mm.

2–2.8 mm, arcuate, inclined, furrowed when dry, ± contracted below mouth, yellow to yellowish brown or reddish brown;

operculum 2–3 mm.

14–24 µm.

14–28 µm.