Flora of North America species comparison

1–6(–18) cm, tomen-tose to scarcely tomentose with white or reddish brown rhizoids.

1.5–6 cm, densely tomentose with dark brown to red rhizoids.

falcate-secund, often strongly so, sometimes somewhat sparse, distal leaves curled, proximal leaves with flexuose apices, slightly to strongly curled and crisped when dry, smooth, (3–)4–7(–10) × 0.6–1 mm, concave below, keeled above, from a lanceolate base to a gradually narrowed, fine, keeled subula;

margins entire proximally, serrulate to strongly serrate in the distal half, sometimes nearly entire throughout;

laminae 1-stratose and usually 2-stratose above on one or both margins, rarely some 2-stratose regions near costa;

costa excurrent, 1/6–1/4 the width of the leaves at base, strong, terete, papillose to spinose distally on abaxial surface, occasionally almost smooth, sometimes extending to costa, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, 2 well-developed stereid bands extending to distal part of leaf, adaxial epidermal layer of cells not differentiated, abaxial epidermal layer differentiated;

cell walls between lamina cells slightly bulging;

leaf cells smooth to slightly papillose below on abaxial surface, papillose to spinose prorate above on abaxial surface;

alar cells 2-stratose, strongly differentiated, sometimes extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (19–)43–62(–93) × (2–)6–8(–12) µm;

distal laminal cells irregularly rounded, elliptic, short-rectangular to quadrate, not pitted, (7–)9–23(–36) × (4–)8–12(–14) µm. Sexual condition dioicous;

male plants as large as females, growing intermixed, or in separate patches;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly short-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

straight, erect-spreading, rigid, appressed when dry, smooth, (5–)6–7(–7.5) × 0.4–0.6 mm, most of the leaf tips deciduous and absent, concave proximally, canaliculate distally, from a lanceolate base to a long subula formed by the excurrent costa, apex acute;

margins entire to somewhat serrulate above;

laminae 1-stratose or some 2-stratose regions near costa;

costa excurrent, 1/4–1/3 the width of the leaves at base, smooth or slightly rough above on abaxial surface, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, two thin stereid bands (2–3 cells thick), adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers not differentiated or sometimes with a few cells in both layers enlarged;

cell walls between lamina cells slightly bulging;

leaf cells smooth;

alar cells 1-stratose, sometimes with some 2-stratose regions, well-differentiated, sometimes extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells elongate-rectangular, usually pitted or indistinctly pitted, (25–)39–55(–84) × (5–)7–8(–10) µm;

median laminal cells rectangular, not pitted, (11–)21–22(–37) × (4–)7–8(–10) µm;

distal laminal cells nearly elliptic, incrassate.

1–3.5 cm, solitary, yellow, reddish yellow or brown.

1.5–2.5 cm, solitary, yellowish to brown.

dioicous;

male plants as tall as females, usually more slender;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly long-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

1–3 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, strumose, strongly furrowed when dry, somewhat contracted below mouth, dark brown to reddish brown;

operculum 1–2 mm.

1.8–2 mm, arcuate to nearly straight, ± erect, smooth, sometimes striate when dry, yellowish brown;

operculum 1–2 mm.

14–24 µm.

16–28 µm.