Flora of North America species comparison

1–6(–18) cm, tomen-tose to scarcely tomentose with white or reddish brown rhizoids.

2–10 cm, tomentose throughout with reddish brown rhizoids.

falcate-secund, often strongly so, sometimes somewhat sparse, distal leaves curled, proximal leaves with flexuose apices, slightly to strongly curled and crisped when dry, smooth, (3–)4–7(–10) × 0.6–1 mm, concave below, keeled above, from a lanceolate base to a gradually narrowed, fine, keeled subula;

margins entire proximally, serrulate to strongly serrate in the distal half, sometimes nearly entire throughout;

laminae 1-stratose and usually 2-stratose above on one or both margins, rarely some 2-stratose regions near costa;

costa excurrent, 1/6–1/4 the width of the leaves at base, strong, terete, papillose to spinose distally on abaxial surface, occasionally almost smooth, sometimes extending to costa, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, 2 well-developed stereid bands extending to distal part of leaf, adaxial epidermal layer of cells not differentiated, abaxial epidermal layer differentiated;

cell walls between lamina cells slightly bulging;

leaf cells smooth to slightly papillose below on abaxial surface, papillose to spinose prorate above on abaxial surface;

alar cells 2-stratose, strongly differentiated, sometimes extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (19–)43–62(–93) × (2–)6–8(–12) µm;

distal laminal cells irregularly rounded, elliptic, short-rectangular to quadrate, not pitted, (7–)9–23(–36) × (4–)8–12(–14) µm. Sexual condition dioicous;

male plants as large as females, growing intermixed, or in separate patches;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly short-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

erect-spreading, erect-appressed to rarely spreading when dry, apex sometimes flexuose, smooth, (2.5–)3–4.5(–6) × 0.3–0.5 mm, from a lanceolate base to a long, fine, tubulose subula, apex usually acute, sometimes apical leaves of stems blunt, julaceous;

margins entire, rarely slightly denticulate at apex;

laminae 1-stratose;

costa percurrent or shortly excurrent, 1/6–1/4 the width of the leaves at base, smooth or weakly rough above on abaxial surface, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, two stereid bands not extending to apex, adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of cells usually not differentiated or sometimes a few cells in both layers enlarged;

cell walls between lamina cells slightly bulging;

leaf cells smooth;

alar cells 1-stratose or 2-stratose, well-differentiated, not extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells usually elongate, pitted, (14–)24–36(–49) × (2–)4–6(–9) µm;

distal laminal cells short-rectangular, quadrate, rounded, or sometimes irregularly shaped, incrassate, not pitted, (5–)12–17(–23) × (4–)6–8(–9) µm. Sexual condition dioicous;

male plants as large as females;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly short-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

1–3.5 cm, solitary, yellow, reddish yellow or brown.

1.5–2 cm., solitary, yellowish to yellowish brown or reddish yellow.

1–3 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, strumose, strongly furrowed when dry, somewhat contracted below mouth, dark brown to reddish brown;

operculum 1–2 mm.

1.2–1.8 mm, nearly straight and erect to slightly arcuate, striate when dry, yellowish brown;

operculum 1.2–1.8 mm.

14–24 µm.

17–22 µm.