Flora of North America species comparison

1–9 cm, densely tomentose below with reddish brown rhizoids.

0.5–3 cm, tomentose below with whitish or reddish brown rhizoids.

erect-spreading, flexuose, ± curled at the tips when dry, slightly undulate or rugose, (2–)3.5–4.5(–7) × 0.5–1 mm, concave below, strongly keeled above, oblong-lanceolate, with a broad lanceolate base gradually narrowing to a short-acuminate apex;

margins serrulate in the distal half, involute in central part;

laminae 1-stratose, with a few 2-stratose regions;

costa percurrent to shortly excurrent, 1/10–1/5 the width of the leaves at base, strong, smooth or papillose to toothed above on abaxial surface, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, two thick stereid bands extending well into the apex, adaxial epidermal layer of cells not differentiated, the abaxial layer differentiated;

cell walls between lamina cells strongly bulging;

leaf cells papillose above on abaxial surface, sometimes nearly smooth;

alar cells 2-stratose, differentiated, not extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (25–)41–56(–112) × (5–)6–7(–10) µm, abruptly shorter towards the apex;

distal laminal cells quadrate, irregularly angled, rounded or rectangular, not or indistinctly pitted, cell walls unequally thickened, (5–)7–8(–20) × (5–)7–8(–12) µm. Sexual condition pseudomonoicous;

dwarf males on stem rhizoids of female plants;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly short-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

straight, erect-spreading, little changed when dry, smooth, 4–6 × 0.2–0.4 mm, most of the leaf tips deciduous and absent, lanceolate, concave proximally, tubulose distally, apex acute;

margins entire or serrulate at apex;

laminae 1-stratose or with 2-stratose regions near apex;

costa long-excurrent, 1/6–1/4 the width of the leaves at base, abaxial ridges absent;

leaf cells smooth, with a row of guide cells, no stereid bands, 1 or 2 rows of cells above and below guide cells with slightly thickened walls and large lumens, the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of cells not differentiated;

cell walls between lamina cells not bulging;

alar cells 1-stratose, differentiated, not extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells rectangular to linear, with a few pits, (46–)60–105(–120) × (4–)6–16(–22) µm;

distal laminal cells quadrate, rounded or short-rectangular, not pitted, (12–)17–25(–32) × (8–)10–11(–12) µm. Sexual condition dioicous;

male plants as large as females;

interior perichaetial leaves gradually narrowed to a subulate apex, convolute-sheathing.

1–4 cm, solitary, rarely 2 per perichaetium, yellowish.

1.5–2.5 cm, solitary, yellow to light brown.

1.5–3 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, furrowed when dry, slightly contracted below the mouth, yellowish brown;

operculum 1.5–2.5 mm.

1.4–2.5 mm, straight and erect, smooth, often irregularly wrinkled when dry, yellow to light brown;

operculum 1–1.8 mm.

19–26 µm.

10–18 µm.