Flora of North America species comparison

1–9 cm, densely tomentose below with reddish brown rhizoids.

0.5–3(–5) cm, densely tomentose with white to reddish brown rhizoids.

erect-spreading, flexuose, ± curled at the tips when dry, slightly undulate or rugose, (2–)3.5–4.5(–7) × 0.5–1 mm, concave below, strongly keeled above, oblong-lanceolate, with a broad lanceolate base gradually narrowing to a short-acuminate apex;

margins serrulate in the distal half, involute in central part;

laminae 1-stratose, with a few 2-stratose regions;

costa percurrent to shortly excurrent, 1/10–1/5 the width of the leaves at base, strong, smooth or papillose to toothed above on abaxial surface, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, two thick stereid bands extending well into the apex, adaxial epidermal layer of cells not differentiated, the abaxial layer differentiated;

cell walls between lamina cells strongly bulging;

leaf cells papillose above on abaxial surface, sometimes nearly smooth;

alar cells 2-stratose, differentiated, not extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (25–)41–56(–112) × (5–)6–7(–10) µm, abruptly shorter towards the apex;

distal laminal cells quadrate, irregularly angled, rounded or rectangular, not or indistinctly pitted, cell walls unequally thickened, (5–)7–8(–20) × (5–)7–8(–12) µm. Sexual condition pseudomonoicous;

dwarf males on stem rhizoids of female plants;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly short-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

erect-spreading, cirrate to strongly crisped when dry, smooth, (1–)2–3(–4) × 0.2–0.5 mm, concave below, subtubulose to keeled above, lanceolate at base, acuminate above to an acute apex, rough above on abaxial surface;

margins irregularly serrate to serrulate in distal half of leaves;

laminae 1-stratose;

costa percurrent to shortly excurrent, 1/6–1/4 the width of the leaves at base, rough with papillae or teeth on abaxial surface in distal half of leaf, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, two weakly developed stereid bands above and below, not extending to the leaf middle, adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of cells not differentiated or with a few cells enlarged in both layers;

cell walls between lamina cells not bulging;

leaf cells smooth below, mammillose or usually abaxially prorate or toothed in distal half of leaves, giving leaves a dull appearance;

alar cells 1-stratose, differentiated or sometimes indistinctly differentiated, not extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells rectangular to oblong-rectangular, not pitted or with few pits, (10–)20–32(–50) × (4–)6–8(–13) µm;

distal laminal cells usually quadrate to short-rectangular, some cells transversely elongate, not pitted, (5–)8–10(–26) × (2–)3–6(–9) µm. Sexual condition dioicous;

male plants as large as females;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

1–4 cm, solitary, rarely 2 per perichaetium, yellowish.

0.5–1.5 cm, solitary, rarely 2 per perichaetium, yellowish to reddish brown.

1.5–3 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, furrowed when dry, slightly contracted below the mouth, yellowish brown;

operculum 1.5–2.5 mm.

1.2–2 mm, straight and erect to slightly inclined, rarely somewhat arcuate, smooth, striate when dry, light yellowish brown;

operculum 1–1.5 mm.

19–26 µm.

12–24 µm.