Flora of North America species comparison

1–9 cm, densely tomentose below with reddish brown rhizoids.

3–16 cm, naked or with a few whitish rhizoids, rarely moderately tomentose, rhizoids (micronemata) in rows above each leaf.

erect-spreading, flexuose, ± curled at the tips when dry, slightly undulate or rugose, (2–)3.5–4.5(–7) × 0.5–1 mm, concave below, strongly keeled above, oblong-lanceolate, with a broad lanceolate base gradually narrowing to a short-acuminate apex;

margins serrulate in the distal half, involute in central part;

laminae 1-stratose, with a few 2-stratose regions;

costa percurrent to shortly excurrent, 1/10–1/5 the width of the leaves at base, strong, smooth or papillose to toothed above on abaxial surface, abaxial ridges absent, with a row of guide cells, two thick stereid bands extending well into the apex, adaxial epidermal layer of cells not differentiated, the abaxial layer differentiated;

cell walls between lamina cells strongly bulging;

leaf cells papillose above on abaxial surface, sometimes nearly smooth;

alar cells 2-stratose, differentiated, not extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (25–)41–56(–112) × (5–)6–7(–10) µm, abruptly shorter towards the apex;

distal laminal cells quadrate, irregularly angled, rounded or rectangular, not or indistinctly pitted, cell walls unequally thickened, (5–)7–8(–20) × (5–)7–8(–12) µm. Sexual condition pseudomonoicous;

dwarf males on stem rhizoids of female plants;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly short-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

somewhat sparse, falcate-secund or erect-patent, flexuose or straight, little changed when dry, usually smooth, (6–)8–11.5(–15) × 1–2 mm, concave proximally, tubulose above, from a lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate base, gradually narrowed to a long, falcate-secund or straight, acute apex;

margins serrate in the distal half, sometimes slightly serrulate above to almost entire;

laminae 1-stratose or with few 2-stratose regions on or near the margins;

costa percurrent to shortly excurrent, 1/12–1/7 the width of the leaves at base, toothed distally or serrulate to nearly smooth on abaxial surface, with a double row of guide cells that is sometimes interrupted, two stereid bands extending to apex, adaxial epidermal layer of cells with some cells differentiated, the abaxial layer completely differentiated;

cell walls between lamina cells not bulging;

leaf cells smooth or abaxially prorate or toothed above;

alar cells 2-stratose or multistratose, well-differentiated, not extending to costa;

proximal laminal cells elongate, pitted, (42–)71–112(–140) × (5–)9–10(–15) µm;

distal laminal cells shorter, linear to oval, pitted, (42–)47–61(–99) × (7–)10–11(–17) µm. Sexual condition pseudomonoicous;

dwarf males among rhizoids of female plants;

interior perichaetial leaves abruptly long-acuminate, convolute-sheathing.

1–4 cm, solitary, rarely 2 per perichaetium, yellowish.

2.5–5 cm, aggregate, 2–5 per perichaetium, rarely solitary, yellow to light brown.

1.5–3 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, furrowed when dry, slightly contracted below the mouth, yellowish brown;

operculum 1.5–2.5 mm.

2–3.5 mm, arcuate, inclined to horizontal, smooth to faintly striate when dry, dark brown or yellowish brown;

operculum 2–3 mm.

19–26 µm.

14–19 µm.