The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

fork-tooth ookow, northern saitas, ookow

blue dicks, brodiaea, covenna, crow poison, fool's onion, grass nuts, Indian hyacinth, purplehead

Leaves

3–4, 4–35 cm;

blade strongly keeled, ± glaucous.

2–3, 10–70 cm;

blade barely keeled.

Scape

self-supporting, with occasional bends, 30–80(–90) cm, ± scabrous.

shorter than 65 cm, smooth.

Inflorescences

racemose, very dense, 6–15-flowered;

bracts pale purple to green, widely lanceolate, 6–12 mm.

umbellate, dense, 2–15-flowered;

bracts whitish to dark purple, ovate to lanceolate, 7–20 mm.

Flowers

horizontal or erect;

perianth bluish purple, tube unangled, narrowly ovoid, slightly constricted above ovary, 8–10 mm, lobes ascending, 8–10 mm;

perianth appendages 1 per stamen, each coalescent to an inner and outer tepal, leaning away from inner anthers to form corona, erect, purplish, narrowly lanceolate, 5–6 mm, apex deeply 2-fid into 2 wings;

stamens 3, equal;

anthers 4–5 mm;

ovary sessile, 4–6 mm;

style 5–6 mm;

pedicel 1–6 mm.

horizontal or erect;

perianth blue, bluish purple, pinkish purple, or white, tube narrowly cylindrical to short-campanulate, not constricted above ovary, 3–12 mm, lobes usually ascending or widely spreading, 7–12 mm;

perianth appendages slightly reflexed distally, leaning toward anthers to form corona, white, lanceolate, 4–6 mm, apex deeply notched;

stamens 6, smaller 3 on outer tepals alternating with larger 3 on inner tepals;

outer filaments wider than inner at base, 2 mm;

outer anthers 2–3 mm, inner 3–4 mm;

ovary sessile, ovoid, 4–8 mm;

style 4–8 mm;

pedicel 1–35 mm.

2n

= 18, 36.

Dichelostemma congestum

Dichelostemma capitatum

Phenology Flowering spring (late Mar–May).
Habitat Open woodlands, grasslands near coast
Elevation 0–2000 m (0–6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
w United States; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Dichelostemma congestum can be recognized by its congested racemose inflorescence and deeply bifid perianth appendages that stand away from the anthers to form a corona.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Dichelostemma capitatum is the most wide-ranging species in the genus, with great variation in habitat, morphology, and chromosome number (G. Keator 1992). Two subspecies are recognized here, after G. Keator (1991, 1993b), but many other subspecies and even separate species have been recognized. For example, D. insulare has been recognized because it is endemic to the California Channel Islands and Guadalupe Island and is larger than mainland plants. Dichelostemma capitatum ranges from northern Mexico through California, Oregon, Nevada, New Mexico, and possibly north to Idaho and Washington. Despite its great intraspecific variability, it is quite distinct from other species in the genus. It is the only species with six fertile stamens and epigeous germination, and it has unique corm, seed, and ovule characteristics. It also does not form hybrids with any other species, and it has even been placed in its own genus, Dipterostemon (P. A. Rydberg 1912). Recent anatomical and molecular data support the idea that this species is not directly related to the other members of Dichelostemma and perhaps is best treated as its own genus (R. Y. Berg 1996; J. C. Pires 2000).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Bracts usually dark purple; inflorescences 6–15-flowered; pedicel 1–15 mm, usually shorter than bracts; habitat variable.
subsp. capitatum
1. Bracts whitish or streaked purple; inflorescences 2–5-flowered; pedicel 6–35 mm, longer than bracts; desert habitat.
subsp. pauciflorum
Source FNA vol. 26, p. 330. FNA vol. 26.
Parent taxa Liliaceae > Dichelostemma Liliaceae > Dichelostemma
Sibling taxa
D. capitatum, D. ida-maia, D. multiflorum, D. volubile
D. congestum, D. ida-maia, D. multiflorum, D. volubile
Subordinate taxa
D. capitatum subsp. capitatum, D. capitatum subsp. pauciflorum
Synonyms Brodiaea congesta, Hookera congesta Brodiaea capitata, D. pulchellum var. capitatum, Dipterostemon capitatus, Hookera capitata, Milla capitata
Name authority (Smith) Kunth: Enum. Pl. 4: 470. (1843) (Bentham) Alph. Wood: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 173. (1868)
Web links