Dichanthelium portoricense |
Dichanthelium scabriusculum |
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blunt-glumed panicgrass |
tall swamp rosette-panicgrass, tall-swamp panicgrass, woolly rosette grass |
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Habit | Plants usually densely cespitose. | |||||
Culms | 15-50 cm, slender, wiry; internodes olive green to purplish, densely puberulent or glabrous; fall phase spreading or decumbent, branching extensively from the lower and midculm nodes, producing numerous congested fascicles of reduced, flat or involute blades and reduced secondary panicles. |
70-150 cm, robust, purplish; nodes glabrous or puberulent; internodes scabridulous to almost glabrous; fall phase branching from the mid- and upper culm nodes, developing numerous, well-separated, dense fascicles of many reduced blades and hidden secondary panicles. |
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Cauline leaves | 4-7; sheaths much shorter than the internodes, densely crisp-puberulent, velvety-puberulent, or glabrous, often ciliate along the margins; ligules shorter than 0.5 mm; blades 2-7 cm long (seldom longer), 2.5-8 mm wide (rarely wider), spreading, firm, flat or slightly involute, without prominently raised veins, not longitudinally wrinkled, densely puberulent or glabrous abaxially, glabrous, sparsely puberulent, or pubescent adaxially, bases subcordate, with papillose-based cilia, margins often whitish and scabridulous. |
6-14; sheaths not overlapping, narrowing above midlength, sparsely to densely papillose-hispid, tops mottled with pale spots, margins ciliate, collars puberulent; ligules 0.5-1.2 mm, membranous; blades 12-25 cm long, 7-15 mm wide, linear, stiff, ascending to spreading, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, bases subcordate to constricted, margins scabridulous, apices long tapering, involute. |
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Spikelets | 1.5-2.6 mm, obovoid-pyriform, planoconvex in side view, puberulent, pubescent, or glabrous, attenuate basally, apices usually broadly rounded. |
2.2-2.8 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, ovoid-ellipsoid, often purplish, glabrous, rarely sparsely puberulent. |
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Lower glumes | 0.6-1.4 mm, thin, weakly-veined, attached about 0.2 mm below the upper glumes, clasping at the base; upper glumes as long as or slightly shorter than the lower lemmas; upper florets 1.4-2 mm, broadly ellipsoid, apices subacute, minutely puberulent. |
0.5-1 mm, acute; upper glumes and lower florets exceeding the upper florets, prominently 7-9-veined; lower florets sterile; upper florets acute to acuminate, with a minute tuft of hairs at the apices. |
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Basal | rosettes well-differentiated; blades 1.5-6 cm, ovate to lanceolate. |
rosettes well-differentiated; sheaths pubescent; blades lanceolate. |
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Primary | panicles 2-7 cm long, 2/3 to nearly as wide as long, with relatively few spikelets, exserted; branches flexuous, spreading or reflexed, scabridulous to densely puberulent. |
panicles 10-21 cm long, 6-13 cm wide, eventually well-exserted, with many spikelets; rachises and branches usually glabrous and mottled. |
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Cplants | in large clumps, with rhizomes 3-5 mm thick. |
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2n | = 18. |
= 18. |
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Dichanthelium portoricense |
Dichanthelium scabriusculum |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA
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Discussion | Dichanthelium portoricense grows in sandy woods, low pinelands, savannahs, and coastal sand dunes, usually in moist places. Its range extends south from the Flora region into Mexico, the Caribbean, and Mesoamerica. It is a highly variable species with numerous intergrading forms, some possibly resulting from hybridization with other widespread species in the same region, such as D. sphaerocarpon and D. commutatum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Dichanthelium scabriusculum usually grows in wet, sandy, open sites, including shores, stream banks, swamps, and bogs. It is restricted to the eastern United States. The primary panicles develop from May to July, the secondary panicles, which are usually concealed within the sheaths, from July through November. Panicum aculeatum Hitchc. & Chase refers to what appear to be sterile hybrids with Dichanthelium clandestinum or robust subspecies of D. dichotomum, P. bennettense W.V. Br. to hybrids with D. aciculare. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 25, p. 441. | FNA vol. 25, p. 418. | ||||
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Dichanthelium > sect. Lancearia | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Dichanthelium > sect. Clandestina | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Panicum portoricense | Panicum scabriusculum var. cryptanthum, Panicum scabriusculum, Panicum cryptanthum | ||||
Name authority | (Desv. ex Ham.) B.E Hansen & Wunderlin | (Elliott) Gould & C.A. Clark | ||||
Web links |