Dichanthelium clandestinum |
Dichanthelium wrightianum |
|
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deer-tongue grass, deer-tongue rosette-panicgrass, deertongue, panic clandestin |
Wright's panicgrass, Wright's rosette grass, Wright's rosette-panicgrass |
|
Habit | Plants forming large clumps, with rhizomes 3-5 mm thick. | Plants cespitose, with few culms per clump. |
Culms | 50-140 cm, stout, pilose with papillose-based hairs to subglabrous; fall phase branching from the mid- and upper culm nodes, with a few, nearly erect, elongate branches, sparsely rebranching, sheaths overlapping, concealing the secondary panicles; nodes not swollen, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
15-50 cm tall (rarely taller), 0.3-0.8 mm thick, delicate, erect or ascending; nodes slightly swollen, often purplish or darker green than the internodes; internodes usually puberulent; fall phase branching profusely from the lower and midculm nodes, secondary branches and secondary panicles numerous, usually not greatly reduced. |
Cauline leaves | 5-10; sheaths not overlapping, striate-ribbed, narrowing above midlength, hispid to sparsely hirsute, hairs sometimes papillose-based, summits mottled with pale spots, margins ciliate, collars puberulent; ligules 0.4-0.9 mm, membranous; blades 10-25 cm long, 15-30 mm wide, flat, lanceolate, often rigid, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, with 9-13 major veins and 40-80 minor veins, bases cordate, with papillose-based cilia, apices acuminate. |
4-7; sheaths mostly puberulent or glabrous, margins finely ciliate; ligules 1.5-3 mm, of hairs; blades 2-4.5 cm long, 2-5 mm wide, ascending or spreading, occasionally involute, finely appressed-pilose adaxially, puberulent abaxially, bases rounded, margins finely whitish-scabridulous. |
Spikelets | 2.4-3.6 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, narrowly ellipsoid, sparsely pubescent. |
0.8-1.1 mm, ellipsoid to nearly ovoid, often purplish, puberulent or subglabrous, obtuse or subacute. |
Lower glumes | 1/3 – 1/2 as long as the spikelets, narrowly triangular; upper glumes and lower florets slightly shorter than the spikelets, with 7 or 9 prominent veins; lower florets sterile; upper florets umbonate, apices with a minute tuft of hairs. |
1/4 - 1/3 as long as the spikelets, subacute; upper glumes shorter than the lower lemmas; lower florets sterile; upper florets 0.7-0.9 mm, ellipsoid, subacute. |
Basal | rosettes well-differentiated; sheaths pubescent; blades ovate to lanceolate. |
rosettes well-differentiated; blades ovate to lanceolate. |
Primary | panicles 8-16 cm long, 4-12 mm wide, exserted, with many spikelets. |
panicles 2.5-5.5 cm, 1/3 – 2/3 as wide as long, well-exserted; rachises and branches glabrous or sparsely puberulent (at least basally); ultimate branchlets and pedicels glabrous, somewhat viscid. |
2n | = 36. |
= 18. |
Dichanthelium clandestinum |
Dichanthelium wrightianum |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; NS; ON; QC
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AL; DE; FL; GA; LA; MA; MD; MS; NC; NJ; NY; RI; SC; TX; VA |
Discussion | Dichanthelium clandestinum usually grows in semi-open areas in damp or sandy woodlands, thickets, or on banks. It is restricted to the eastern part of the Flora region. The primary panicles are open-pollinated for a brief period, and produced from late May to early July; the secondary panicles, which are cleistogamous and usually concealed within the sheaths, are produced from July through September. Panicum recognitum Fernald refers to rare sterile hybrids with Dichanthelium dichotomum and perhaps D. scoparium; P. aculeatum Hitchc. & Chase to putative sterile hybrids with D. scabriusculum or D. dichotomum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Dichanthelium wrightianum grows in moist, sandy or peaty areas, low pine savannahs, bogs, the margins of ponds, and cypress swamps, in the coastal plain from Massachusetts to Texas and Florida, extending to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. Occasional specimens of Dichanthelium wrightianum, particularly those with subglabrous spikelets, closely resemble D. chamaelonche. Others suggest D. ensifolium, and a few unusually robust specimens closely approach D. acuminatum subsp. longiligulatum. All of these taxa often grow together in the same habitats. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 25, p. 418. | FNA vol. 25, p. 430. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Dichanthelium > sect. Clandestina | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Dichanthelium > sect. Lanuginosa |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Panicum latifolium var. clandestinum, Panicum clandestinum | Panicum wrightianum, Panicum acuminatum var. wrigbtianum |
Name authority | (L.) Gould | (Scribn.) Freckmann |
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