Dichanthelium clandestinum |
Dichanthelium latifolium |
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deer-tongue grass, deer-tongue rosette-panicgrass, deertongue, panic clandestin |
broad-leaf rosette-panicgrass, broad-leaf witchgrass, broadleaf panicgrass, broadleaf rosette grass, panic à larges feuilles |
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Habit | Plants forming large clumps, with rhizomes 3-5 mm thick. | Plants forming small clumps, with knotty rhizomes less than 2 mm thick. |
Culms | 50-140 cm, stout, pilose with papillose-based hairs to subglabrous; fall phase branching from the mid- and upper culm nodes, with a few, nearly erect, elongate branches, sparsely rebranching, sheaths overlapping, concealing the secondary panicles; nodes not swollen, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. |
45-110 cm, nearly erect; nodes glabrous or the lower nodes slightly bearded; internodes glabrous or sparsely pubescent; fall phase branching from the mid-culm nodes, branches nearly erect, scarcely rebranching, blades and secondary panicles only slightly reduced. |
Cauline leaves | 5-10; sheaths not overlapping, striate-ribbed, narrowing above midlength, hispid to sparsely hirsute, hairs sometimes papillose-based, summits mottled with pale spots, margins ciliate, collars puberulent; ligules 0.4-0.9 mm, membranous; blades 10-25 cm long, 15-30 mm wide, flat, lanceolate, often rigid, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, with 9-13 major veins and 40-80 minor veins, bases cordate, with papillose-based cilia, apices acuminate. |
4-6, often with a transitional leaf above the basal rosette; sheaths not overlapping, glabrous or softly villous basally, margins ciliate, collars pubescent; ligules 0.4-0.7 mm, membranous, ciliate, cilia longer than the membranous portion; blades 3.7-7 times longer than wide, 15-40 mm wide, ovate-lanceolate, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, with 11-13 major veins and 40-120 minor veins, bases cordate-clasping, with papillose-based cilia. |
Spikelets | 2.4-3.6 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, narrowly ellipsoid, sparsely pubescent. |
2.9-3.9 mm long, 1.6-2 mm wide, ellipsoid, sparsely pubescent. |
Lower glumes | 1/3 – 1/2 as long as the spikelets, narrowly triangular; upper glumes and lower florets slightly shorter than the spikelets, with 7 or 9 prominent veins; lower florets sterile; upper florets umbonate, apices with a minute tuft of hairs. |
1/3 – 1/2 as long as the spikelets, narrowly triangular; upper glumes and lower lemmas slightly shorter than the spikelets, often red-tinged basally and apically; lower florets staminate, anthers exserted prior to those of the upper florets; upper florets pointed, apiculate, upper lemmas with a minute fringe of hairs. |
Basal | rosettes well-differentiated; sheaths pubescent; blades ovate to lanceolate. |
rosettes well-differentiated; sheaths pubescent; blades ovate to lanceolate, dark green. |
Primary | panicles 8-16 cm long, 4-12 mm wide, exserted, with many spikelets. |
panicles 7-15 cm long, 4-12 cm wide, 1.5-2 times as long as wide, with 20-80 spikelets, eventually at least partially exserted; branches stiff, ascending to spreading. |
2n | = 36. |
= 18, 36. |
Dichanthelium clandestinum |
Dichanthelium latifolium |
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Distribution |
AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MO; MS; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WV; NS; ON; QC
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AL; AR; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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Discussion | Dichanthelium clandestinum usually grows in semi-open areas in damp or sandy woodlands, thickets, or on banks. It is restricted to the eastern part of the Flora region. The primary panicles are open-pollinated for a brief period, and produced from late May to early July; the secondary panicles, which are cleistogamous and usually concealed within the sheaths, are produced from July through September. Panicum recognitum Fernald refers to rare sterile hybrids with Dichanthelium dichotomum and perhaps D. scoparium; P. aculeatum Hitchc. & Chase to putative sterile hybrids with D. scabriusculum or D. dichotomum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Dichanthelium latifolium grows in rich deciduous woods, often in slightly open areas within eastern North America. The primary panicles are open-pollinated and develop in May and June (and sometimes in September and October), the secondary panicles, which are produced from July through September, are rarely open-pollinated. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 25, p. 418. | FNA vol. 25, p. 412. |
Parent taxa | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Dichanthelium > sect. Clandestina | Poaceae > subfam. Panicoideae > tribe Paniceae > Dichanthelium > sect. Macrocarpa |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Panicum latifolium var. clandestinum, Panicum clandestinum | Panicum macrocarpon, Panicum latifolium |
Name authority | (L.) Gould | (L.) Harvill |
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