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long-horn steer's-head, one flower dicentra, steer's-head

dicentre du Canada, squirrel-corn

Habit Plants perennial, scapose, from clusters of club- to spindle-shaped tubers, small bulblets often present at proximal ends of tubers. Plants perennial, scapose, from short rootstocks bearing yellow, globose bulblets.
Leaves

4-7(-10) × (1-)3-4 cm;

petiole 2-5(-8) cm;

blade with 3-4 orders of leaflets and lobes;

surfaces pubescent near base, rarely sparsely pubescent throughout; ultimate lobes variable in shape, often oblong to spoon-shaped, (2-)6-12(-18) × 1.5-6 mm, minutely apiculate, occasionally retuse.

(10-)14-24(-30) × (4-)6-14(-18) cm;

petiole (5-)8-16(-22) cm;

blade with 4 orders of leaflets and lobes;

abaxial surface glaucous; ultimate lobes linear to linear-elliptic or linear-obovate, (2-)5-15(-23) × (0.4-)2-4 mm, usually minutely apiculate.

Inflorescences

1-flowered, barely exceeding to shorter than leaves;

bracts 1 (rarely 2) per scape, lanceolate, 4-6 × 2-3 mm.

racemose, 3-12-flowered, usually exceeding leaves, (10-)15-27(-33) cm;

bracts ovate, 2-5 × 1-3 mm.

Flowers

nodding to erect;

pedicels 2-7 mm;

petals pink to white, suffused light brown;

outer petals (7-)12-16(-20) mm, reflexed portion (4-)6-8(-10) mm;

inner petals purple-tipped, (11-)13-15(-17) mm, blade triangular to lanceolate or spoon-shaped, 4-8 mm, claw linear-oblong, 4-6 mm, crest absent;

filaments of each bundle usually distinct above base, occasionally connate just below anthers, median filament forming loop with slight indentation near base; nectariferous tissue borne along basal part of loop;

style 2-5 mm;

stigma shallowly 2-lobed, much reduced, slightly wider than style.

pendent, very fragrant;

pedicels (2-)3-7(-14) mm;

sepals triangular to ovate, 2-4 × 1-2 mm, apex acuminate;

petals white;

outer petals (10-)12-16(-20) × (2-)4-5(-8) mm, reflexed portion 3-5 mm;

inner petals (10-)12-15(-18) mm, blade 2-4 mm, claw linear-elliptic, 5-9 mm, crest prominent, ca. 2 mm diam., exceeding apex by ca. 2 mm;

filaments of each bundle distinct nearly to base; nectariferous tissue forming 0.5-1 mm spur oriented vertically;

style 4-7 mm;

stigma shallowly 2-horned with 2 lateral papillae.

Capsules

ovoid, attenuate to style, 9-14 × 5-9 mm.

ovoid, attenuate at both ends, (5-)9-13(-17) × 3-6 mm.

Seeds

reniform, ca. 1.5 mm diam., finely and obscurely reticulate, elaiosome absent.

slightly reniform, very obscurely reticulate, elaiosome present.

2n

= 16.

Dicentra uniflora

Dicentra canadensis

Phenology Flowering very early spring–late summer. Flowering early–late spring.
Habitat Rocky slopes and hillsides in gravelly soils, often flowering near edges of melting snowbanks Deciduous woods, often among rock outcrops, in rich loam soils
Elevation 1500-2200(-3300) m (4900-7200(-10800) ft) 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; DC; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

See discussion under the following species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Fumariaceae > Dicentra Fumariaceae > Dicentra
Sibling taxa
D. canadensis, D. chrysantha, D. cucullaria, D. eximia, D. formosa, D. nevadensis, D. ochroleuca, D. pauciflora
D. chrysantha, D. cucullaria, D. eximia, D. formosa, D. nevadensis, D. ochroleuca, D. pauciflora, D. uniflora
Synonyms Corydalis canadensis, Bicuculla canadensis
Name authority Kellogg: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 141. (1871) (Goldie) Walpers: Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 118. (1842)
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