Dicentra uniflora |
Dicentra canadensis |
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long-horn steer's-head, one flower dicentra, steer's-head |
dicentre du Canada, squirrel-corn |
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Habit | Plants perennial, scapose, from clusters of club- to spindle-shaped tubers, small bulblets often present at proximal ends of tubers. | Plants perennial, scapose, from short rootstocks bearing yellow, globose bulblets. |
Leaves | 4-7(-10) × (1-)3-4 cm; petiole 2-5(-8) cm; blade with 3-4 orders of leaflets and lobes; surfaces pubescent near base, rarely sparsely pubescent throughout; ultimate lobes variable in shape, often oblong to spoon-shaped, (2-)6-12(-18) × 1.5-6 mm, minutely apiculate, occasionally retuse. |
(10-)14-24(-30) × (4-)6-14(-18) cm; petiole (5-)8-16(-22) cm; blade with 4 orders of leaflets and lobes; abaxial surface glaucous; ultimate lobes linear to linear-elliptic or linear-obovate, (2-)5-15(-23) × (0.4-)2-4 mm, usually minutely apiculate. |
Inflorescences | 1-flowered, barely exceeding to shorter than leaves; bracts 1 (rarely 2) per scape, lanceolate, 4-6 × 2-3 mm. |
racemose, 3-12-flowered, usually exceeding leaves, (10-)15-27(-33) cm; bracts ovate, 2-5 × 1-3 mm. |
Flowers | nodding to erect; pedicels 2-7 mm; petals pink to white, suffused light brown; outer petals (7-)12-16(-20) mm, reflexed portion (4-)6-8(-10) mm; inner petals purple-tipped, (11-)13-15(-17) mm, blade triangular to lanceolate or spoon-shaped, 4-8 mm, claw linear-oblong, 4-6 mm, crest absent; filaments of each bundle usually distinct above base, occasionally connate just below anthers, median filament forming loop with slight indentation near base; nectariferous tissue borne along basal part of loop; style 2-5 mm; stigma shallowly 2-lobed, much reduced, slightly wider than style. |
pendent, very fragrant; pedicels (2-)3-7(-14) mm; sepals triangular to ovate, 2-4 × 1-2 mm, apex acuminate; petals white; outer petals (10-)12-16(-20) × (2-)4-5(-8) mm, reflexed portion 3-5 mm; inner petals (10-)12-15(-18) mm, blade 2-4 mm, claw linear-elliptic, 5-9 mm, crest prominent, ca. 2 mm diam., exceeding apex by ca. 2 mm; filaments of each bundle distinct nearly to base; nectariferous tissue forming 0.5-1 mm spur oriented vertically; style 4-7 mm; stigma shallowly 2-horned with 2 lateral papillae. |
Capsules | ovoid, attenuate to style, 9-14 × 5-9 mm. |
ovoid, attenuate at both ends, (5-)9-13(-17) × 3-6 mm. |
Seeds | reniform, ca. 1.5 mm diam., finely and obscurely reticulate, elaiosome absent. |
slightly reniform, very obscurely reticulate, elaiosome present. |
2n | = 16. |
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Dicentra uniflora |
Dicentra canadensis |
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Phenology | Flowering very early spring–late summer. | Flowering early–late spring. |
Habitat | Rocky slopes and hillsides in gravelly soils, often flowering near edges of melting snowbanks | Deciduous woods, often among rock outcrops, in rich loam soils |
Elevation | 1500-2200(-3300) m (4900-7200(-10800) ft) | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; ID; MT; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; BC
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CT; DC; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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Discussion | See discussion under the following species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Fumariaceae > Dicentra | Fumariaceae > Dicentra |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Corydalis canadensis, Bicuculla canadensis | |
Name authority | Kellogg: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 141. (1871) | (Goldie) Walpers: Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 118. (1842) |
Web links |
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