Dicentra formosa |
Dicentra pauciflora |
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Oregon bleeding heart, Pacific bleeding-heart, Pacific bleedinghearts, western bleeding-heart |
few flower dicentra, few-flower bleeding-heart, shorthorn steer's-head |
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Habit | Plants perennial, scapose, from elongate, stout rhizomes. | Plants perennial, scapose, from rhizomes or clusters of spindle-shaped tubers, bulblets often present at proximal ends of tubers or along rhizomes. | ||||
Leaves | (15-)25-40(-55) × (8-)12-20(-35) cm; blade with 3-5 orders of leaflets and lobes; abaxial surface and sometimes adaxial surface glaucous; penultimate lobes oblong, distal ones usually coarsely 3-toothed at apex, (4-)10-20(-50) × (1.5-)3-4(-8) mm. |
(7-)9-13(-16) × 3-7(-10) cm; petiole (2-)4-7(-10) cm; blade with 3-4 orders of leaflets and lobes; ultimate lobes linear-lanceolate, (2-)7-13(-18) × 1.5-3 mm, occasionally irregular, minutely apiculate. |
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Inflorescences | paniculate, 2-30-flowered, usually exceeding leaves; bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-7(-12) × 1-2 mm, apex acuminate. |
racemose, 1-3-flowered, barely exceeding leaves; bracts ovate, 4-5 × 2-3 mm. |
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Flowers | pendent; sepals lanceolate to ovate or nearly round, 2-7 × 2-3 mm; petals rose-purple, pink, cream, or pale yellow, rarely white; outer petals (12-)16-19(-24) × 3-6 mm, reflexed portion 2-5 mm; inner petals (12-)15-18(-22) mm, blade 2-4 mm wide, claw linear-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 7-10(-12) × 1-2 mm, crest 1-2 mm diam., exceeding apex by 1-2 mm; filaments of each bundle connate from base to shortly below anthers except for a 2-3 mm portion of median filament just above base; nectariferous tissue borne along distinct portion of median filament; style 3-9 mm; stigma rhomboid, 2-horned. |
erect to nodding; pedicels 5-25 mm; sepals ovate to lanceolate, 5-8 × 2-4 mm; outer petals white to pink, (15-)18-22(-25) × 3-6 mm, reflexed portion (5-)7-8(-11) mm; inner petals purple, (15-)18-22(-24) mm, blade spoon-shaped, 2-3 mm, claw obovate-elliptic, ca. 10 × 3-4 mm, crest absent; filaments of each bundle connate at base and near apex, distinct in between, distinct portion of median filament forming loop that almost doubles back to its proximal end; nectariferous tissue borne at lowermost point of loop and often extending to base of median filament; style 7-11 mm; stigma 2-lobed, much reduced, ca. 2 times wider than style. |
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Capsules | oblong, 4-5 mm diam. |
spindle-shaped to ovoid, 10-15 × 4-6 mm. |
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Seeds | reniform, ca. 2 mm diam., finely reticulate, elaiosome present. |
reniform, ca. 2 mm diam., smooth, elaiosome present. |
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2n | = 16. |
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Dicentra formosa |
Dicentra pauciflora |
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Phenology | Flowering late spring–late summer. | |||||
Habitat | Openings in coniferous forests, in volcanic and granitic soils | |||||
Elevation | 1200-2700 m (3900-8900 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR; WA; BC
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CA; OR
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Andrews has been cited almost universally as the author of Fumaria formosa. However, Haworth's authorship of the sixth volume of Andrews' Botanists' Repository (in which this species was originally described) generally has been overlooked, and it was actually Haworth who first delineated F. formosa (W. T. Stearn 1944). Early attempts to cross Dicentra formosa with D. eximia (2n = 16) failed, possibly because the D. formosa parents were tetraploids. Several later hybrids between the two species received plant patents and have become widely marketed throughout the flora area and elsewhere (K. R. Stern 1961, 1968; K. R. Stern and M. Ownbey 1971). Both subspecies, as well as hybrids between them and Dicentra eximia, are widely cultivated. The Skagit used a decoction of the roots of Dicentra formosa to expel worms; they chewed raw roots for toothaches (D. E. Moerman 1986, species not indicated). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||
Parent taxa | Fumariaceae > Dicentra | Fumariaceae > Dicentra | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Fumaria formosa, D. saccata | |||||
Name authority | (Haworth) Walpers: Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 118. (1842) | S. Watson: Bot. California 2: 429. (1880) | ||||
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