Flora of North America species comparison

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Dicentra formosa

Dicentra nevadensis

Oregon bleeding heart, Pacific bleeding-heart, Pacific bleedinghearts, western bleeding-heart

Sierra bleeding heart, Tulare County bleeding heart
Habit Plants perennial, scapose, from elongate, stout rhizomes. Plants perennial, scapose, variably glaucous, from elongate, stout rhizomes.
Leaves

(15-)25-40(-55) × (8-)12-20(-35) cm;

blade with 3-5 orders of leaflets and lobes;

abaxial surface and sometimes adaxial surface glaucous;

penultimate lobes oblong, distal ones usually coarsely 3-toothed at apex, (4-)10-20(-50) × (1.5-)3-4(-8) mm.

(10-)15-25(-30) × (5-)8-12(-18) cm;

blade with 3-4 orders of leaflets and lobes;

penultimate lobes oblong, distal usually coarsely 3-toothed at apex, (3-)6-12(-20) × 1.5-4 mm.
Inflorescences

paniculate, 2-30-flowered, usually exceeding leaves;

bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-7(-12) × 1-2 mm, apex acuminate.

paniculate, 2-20-flowered, shorter than to exceeding leaves;

bracts linear-lanceolate, 4-7(-10) × 1-1.5 mm, apex acuminate.
Flowers

pendent;

sepals lanceolate to ovate or nearly round, 2-7 × 2-3 mm;

petals rose-purple, pink, cream, or pale yellow, rarely white;

outer petals (12-)16-19(-24) × 3-6 mm, reflexed portion 2-5 mm;

inner petals (12-)15-18(-22) mm, blade 2-4 mm wide, claw linear-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 7-10(-12) × 1-2 mm, crest 1-2 mm diam., exceeding apex by 1-2 mm;

filaments of each bundle connate from base to shortly below anthers except for a 2-3 mm portion of median filament just above base; nectariferous tissue borne along distinct portion of median filament;

style 3-9 mm;

stigma rhomboid, 2-horned.

pendent;

sepals ovate to acuminate-lanceolate, (3-)6-7(-12) × 1-3 mm;

petals white to pale yellow or rose-tinted;

outer petals 12-18 × 2-4 mm, reflexed portion 3-5 mm;

inner petals 11-17 mm, blade 2.5-3.5 mm, claw linear-elliptic to linear-lanceolate, 6-9 × 1-2 mm, crest 1-2 mm diam., exceeding apex by 1-2 mm;

filaments of each bundle connate from base to shortly below anthers except for a 2-6 mm portion of median filament just above base, distinct portion of median filament forming angular loop that projects into base of outer petal; nectariferous tissue borne along loop;

style 4-7 mm;

stigma rhomboid, 2-horned.
Capsules

oblong, 4-5 mm diam.

oblong, (10-)13-16(-20) × 4-5 mm.
Seeds

reniform, ca. 2 mm diam., finely reticulate, elaiosome present.

reniform, ca. 2 mm diam., finely reticulate, elaiosome present.
2n

= 16.

Dicentra formosa

Dicentra nevadensis
Phenology Flowering early–late summer.
Habitat High meadows, in gravelly soils
Elevation 2100-3300 m (6900-10800 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CA; OR; WA; BC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
Calif (Tulare County)
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Andrews has been cited almost universally as the author of Fumaria formosa. However, Haworth's authorship of the sixth volume of Andrews' Botanists' Repository (in which this species was originally described) generally has been overlooked, and it was actually Haworth who first delineated F. formosa (W. T. Stearn 1944).

Early attempts to cross Dicentra formosa with D. eximia (2n = 16) failed, possibly because the D. formosa parents were tetraploids. Several later hybrids between the two species received plant patents and have become widely marketed throughout the flora area and elsewhere (K. R. Stern 1961, 1968; K. R. Stern and M. Ownbey 1971).

Both subspecies, as well as hybrids between them and Dicentra eximia, are widely cultivated.

The Skagit used a decoction of the roots of Dicentra formosa to expel worms; they chewed raw roots for toothaches (D. E. Moerman 1986, species not indicated).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

In Dicentra nevadensis the median filament of each stamen bundle bends out in an angular loop between the base and midpoint; in D. formosa the median filaments lack such loops. Also, the flowers of D. nevadensis are smaller and narrower than those of D. formosa. Pressed flowers of D. nevadensis often turn black, suggesting possible chemical differences, other than in alkaloids, from D. formosa.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Key
1. Petals rose-purple to pink, rarely white; leaf blades adaxially not glaucous (rarely glaucescent).
subsp. formosa
1. Petals cream-colored or rarely pale yellow, rose-tipped; leaf blades adaxially distinctly glaucous.
subsp. oregana
Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Fumariaceae > Dicentra Fumariaceae > Dicentra
Sibling taxa
D. canadensis, D. chrysantha, D. cucullaria, D. eximia, D. nevadensis, D. ochroleuca, D. pauciflora, D. uniflora
D. canadensis, D. chrysantha, D. cucullaria, D. eximia, D. formosa, D. ochroleuca, D. pauciflora, D. uniflora
Subordinate taxa
D. formosa subsp. formosa, D. formosa subsp. oregana
Synonyms Fumaria formosa, D. saccata D. formosa subsp. nevadensis
Name authority (Haworth) Walpers: Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 118. (1842) Eastwood: Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 20: 143. (1931)
Web links 
Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).



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