Dicentra canadensis |
Dicentra pauciflora |
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dicentre du Canada, squirrel-corn |
few flower dicentra, few-flower bleeding-heart, shorthorn steer's-head |
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Habit | Plants perennial, scapose, from short rootstocks bearing yellow, globose bulblets. | Plants perennial, scapose, from rhizomes or clusters of spindle-shaped tubers, bulblets often present at proximal ends of tubers or along rhizomes. |
Leaves | (10-)14-24(-30) × (4-)6-14(-18) cm; petiole (5-)8-16(-22) cm; blade with 4 orders of leaflets and lobes; abaxial surface glaucous; ultimate lobes linear to linear-elliptic or linear-obovate, (2-)5-15(-23) × (0.4-)2-4 mm, usually minutely apiculate. |
(7-)9-13(-16) × 3-7(-10) cm; petiole (2-)4-7(-10) cm; blade with 3-4 orders of leaflets and lobes; ultimate lobes linear-lanceolate, (2-)7-13(-18) × 1.5-3 mm, occasionally irregular, minutely apiculate. |
Inflorescences | racemose, 3-12-flowered, usually exceeding leaves, (10-)15-27(-33) cm; bracts ovate, 2-5 × 1-3 mm. |
racemose, 1-3-flowered, barely exceeding leaves; bracts ovate, 4-5 × 2-3 mm. |
Flowers | pendent, very fragrant; pedicels (2-)3-7(-14) mm; sepals triangular to ovate, 2-4 × 1-2 mm, apex acuminate; petals white; outer petals (10-)12-16(-20) × (2-)4-5(-8) mm, reflexed portion 3-5 mm; inner petals (10-)12-15(-18) mm, blade 2-4 mm, claw linear-elliptic, 5-9 mm, crest prominent, ca. 2 mm diam., exceeding apex by ca. 2 mm; filaments of each bundle distinct nearly to base; nectariferous tissue forming 0.5-1 mm spur oriented vertically; style 4-7 mm; stigma shallowly 2-horned with 2 lateral papillae. |
erect to nodding; pedicels 5-25 mm; sepals ovate to lanceolate, 5-8 × 2-4 mm; outer petals white to pink, (15-)18-22(-25) × 3-6 mm, reflexed portion (5-)7-8(-11) mm; inner petals purple, (15-)18-22(-24) mm, blade spoon-shaped, 2-3 mm, claw obovate-elliptic, ca. 10 × 3-4 mm, crest absent; filaments of each bundle connate at base and near apex, distinct in between, distinct portion of median filament forming loop that almost doubles back to its proximal end; nectariferous tissue borne at lowermost point of loop and often extending to base of median filament; style 7-11 mm; stigma 2-lobed, much reduced, ca. 2 times wider than style. |
Capsules | ovoid, attenuate at both ends, (5-)9-13(-17) × 3-6 mm. |
spindle-shaped to ovoid, 10-15 × 4-6 mm. |
Seeds | slightly reniform, very obscurely reticulate, elaiosome present. |
reniform, ca. 2 mm diam., smooth, elaiosome present. |
2n | = 16. |
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Dicentra canadensis |
Dicentra pauciflora |
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Phenology | Flowering early–late spring. | Flowering late spring–late summer. |
Habitat | Deciduous woods, often among rock outcrops, in rich loam soils | Openings in coniferous forests, in volcanic and granitic soils |
Elevation | 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) | 1200-2700 m (3900-8900 ft) |
Distribution |
CT; DC; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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CA; OR
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Discussion | See discussion under the following species. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Corydalis canadensis, Bicuculla canadensis | |
Name authority | (Goldie) Walpers: Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 118. (1842) | S. Watson: Bot. California 2: 429. (1880) |
Web links |