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dicentre du Canada, squirrel-corn

golden eardrops

Habit Plants perennial, scapose, from short rootstocks bearing yellow, globose bulblets. Plants perennial, caulescent, glaucous, from stout taproots.
Stems

1 or more, rigidly erect, 5-15 dm, 1-2.5 cm diam. at base.

Leaves

(10-)14-24(-30) × (4-)6-14(-18) cm;

petiole (5-)8-16(-22) cm;

blade with 4 orders of leaflets and lobes;

abaxial surface glaucous; ultimate lobes linear to linear-elliptic or linear-obovate, (2-)5-15(-23) × (0.4-)2-4 mm, usually minutely apiculate.

(10-)15-30(-45) × (3-)5-9(-16) cm;

blade with 3, rarely 4 orders of leaflets and lobes; ultimate leaflets (10-)20-30(-60) × (5-)10-20(-25) mm, ultimate lobes oblong, apex acute.

Inflorescences

racemose, 3-12-flowered, usually exceeding leaves, (10-)15-27(-33) cm;

bracts ovate, 2-5 × 1-3 mm.

paniculate, usually at least 5 times longer than wide;

bracts lanceolate to ovate, 3-5 × 1-2 mm, margins entire;

bracteoles absent, rarely present.

Flowers

pendent, very fragrant;

pedicels (2-)3-7(-14) mm;

sepals triangular to ovate, 2-4 × 1-2 mm, apex acuminate;

petals white;

outer petals (10-)12-16(-20) × (2-)4-5(-8) mm, reflexed portion 3-5 mm;

inner petals (10-)12-15(-18) mm, blade 2-4 mm, claw linear-elliptic, 5-9 mm, crest prominent, ca. 2 mm diam., exceeding apex by ca. 2 mm;

filaments of each bundle distinct nearly to base; nectariferous tissue forming 0.5-1 mm spur oriented vertically;

style 4-7 mm;

stigma shallowly 2-horned with 2 lateral papillae.

erect, with slightly pungent odor;

pedicels rigid, 2-10 mm;

sepals ovate to cordate or nearly round, 3-7 × 2-5 mm;

petals golden yellow;

outer petals (10-)12-16(-22) × 2-4 mm, reflexed portion 4-7 mm;

inner petals (8-)15-17(-18) mm, blade 3-5 mm, claw 6-9 mm, confluent with and nearly as wide as blade, crest usually about 1-3 mm diam., scarcely exceeding apex;

filaments of each bundle connate from base to shortly below anthers, rarely distinct from near base; nectariferous tissue borne at base of median filament, not projecting into outer petal;

stigma shortly 2-horned, ca. 2 times wider than long.

Capsules

ovoid, attenuate at both ends, (5-)9-13(-17) × 3-6 mm.

ovoid, attenuate at both ends or sometimes rounded at base, (5-)15-25(-32) × 5-8 mm.

Seeds

slightly reniform, very obscurely reticulate, elaiosome present.

slightly reniform, 1.5-2.2 mm diam., densely covered with tiny protuberances, elaiosome absent.

Artificially

produced hybrids between Dicentra ochroleuca and D. chrysantha also had 2n = 32.

2n

= 32.

Dicentra canadensis

Dicentra chrysantha

Phenology Flowering early–late spring. Flowering early spring–late summer.
Habitat Deciduous woods, often among rock outcrops, in rich loam soils Dry gravelly hillsides, gullies, and disturbed areas, often invading after fire
Elevation 0-1500 m (0-4900 ft) 100-2200 m (300-7200 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; DC; IA; IL; IN; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; TN; VA; VT; WI; WV; ON; QC
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CA; Mexico (Baja California)
[WildflowerSearch map]
Discussion

See discussion under the following species.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

The seeds of Dicentra chrysantha usually do not germinate unless desiccated or seared by fire.

The Kawaiisu applied dried, mashed roots of Dicentra chrysantha to the chest for heart pains (D. E. Moerman 1986).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 3. FNA vol. 3.
Parent taxa Fumariaceae > Dicentra Fumariaceae > Dicentra
Sibling taxa
D. chrysantha, D. cucullaria, D. eximia, D. formosa, D. nevadensis, D. ochroleuca, D. pauciflora, D. uniflora
D. canadensis, D. cucullaria, D. eximia, D. formosa, D. nevadensis, D. ochroleuca, D. pauciflora, D. uniflora
Synonyms Corydalis canadensis, Bicuculla canadensis Dielytra chrysantha
Name authority (Goldie) Walpers: Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 118. (1842) (Hooker & Arnott) Walpers: Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 118. (1842)
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