Desmodium triflorum |
Desmodium paniculatum |
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creeping tick trefoil, matty desmodium, three-flower beggarweed, threeflower ticktrefoil, tropical trefoil |
arrow-leaf tick-trefoil, panicle tick-trefoil, panicle tickclover, panicledleaf ticktrefoil |
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Habit | Herbs, annual or perennial, often mat-forming; stoloniferous. | Herbs, perennial; base woody, rootstock thick. | ||||
Stems | prostrate, densely branched, 20–80 cm, ascending-pilose or strigose. |
erect or ascending, usually striate, 30–100(–150) cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely uncinate-puberulent or conspicuously pilose or glabrescent. |
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Leaves | trifoliolate; stipules persistent, narrowly ovate, 3–5 mm; petiole 3–7.5 mm; leaflet blades broadly obovate or cuneate-obovate, often folding downwards, apex emarginate, surfaces usually sparsely uncinate-puberulent or subappressed-pilose along midrib abaxially, rarely entire surface, glabrous adaxially; terminal blade 5–10 × 3–11 mm, length 0.8–1.2 times width. |
trifoliolate; stipules caducous, subulate to narrowly ovate-deltate, 2–6 mm; petiole (10–)20–50 mm; leaflet blades polymorphic, linear, narrowly ovate, narrowly ovate-oblong, ovate, broadly ovate to subrounded, or rhombic, usually thin, rarely thick, papery, apex acute to obtuse, surfaces closely to subdensely appressed pilose, inconspicuously reticulate-veined abaxially, sparsely appressed-puberulent and pilose adaxially; terminal blade 20–100 × 8–65 mm, length 1–8 times width. |
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Inflorescences | terminal fascicles opposite distal leaf, appearing axillary, unbranched; rachis pubescent; primary bracts narrowly ovate, 4 mm. |
terminal panicles and axillary racemes, branched, very diffuse; rachis moderately to densely uncinate-puberulent to -pubescent; primary bracts narrowly ovate, 1–3.5 mm. |
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Pedicels | 8–12 mm. |
(3–)6–12(–20) mm. |
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Flowers | calyx 2.5–3 mm, appressed-pubescent, tube 1.2 mm; abaxial lobes 1.5–1.7 mm, lateral lobes 1.5–1.7 mm, adaxial lobes deeply 2-toothed; corolla pale pink to purplish, 4–5 mm, keel distinctly longer than wings. |
calyx 2–3 mm, pubescent, tube 1–1.5 mm; abaxial lobes 2 mm, lateral lobes 1 mm; corolla lilac to purple, 6–9 mm. |
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Loments | sutures weakly crenate abaxially, with broad connection between segments, barely sinuate adaxially; connections 2/3–4/5 as broad as segments; segments 3–5, nearly square, 2.5–3.5 × 2.5–3 mm, symmetrically convex abaxially, slightly concave adaxially, inconspicuously uncinate-pubescent or glabrescent; stipe 0 mm. |
sutures deeply crenate or dentate abaxially, sinuate adaxially; connections adaxial, 1/5–1/3 as broad as segments; segments (2 or)3–5, deltate to rhombic, (4–)5–10 × 3–5 mm, angled abaxially (sometimes obtusely), convex adaxially, uncinate-puberulent to -pubescent; stipe 1–7 mm. |
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2n | = 22. |
= 22. |
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Desmodium triflorum |
Desmodium paniculatum |
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Phenology | Flowering year-round. | |||||
Habitat | Ruderal areas, lawns, disturbed open woodlands. | |||||
Elevation | 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) | |||||
Distribution |
FL; LA; Central America; South America; Mexico (Jalisco, Sinaloa); West Indies; Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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North America [Introduced in e Asia (Japan)]
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Discussion | Inflorescences of Desmodium triflorum are produced opposite the leaf at the distal end of stem and are usually described as axillary. The branching system of D. triflorum is a monopodial sympodium and the inflorescences are terminal (H. Ohashi and T. Nemoto 1986). Evolution of inflorescences in Desmodium is inferred from comparative morphology and anatomy with Campylotropis, Kummerowia, and Lespedeza (Nemoto and Ohashi 1990, 1993, 1996). Based on molecular and morphological data, H. Ohashi and K. Ohashi (2018) transferred Desmodium triflorum and the other species formerly in Desmodium sects. Nicolsonia (de Candolle) Bentham and Sagotia (Duchassaing & Walpers) Bentham to the genus Grona Loureiro. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). Desmodium paniculatum is allied with D. fernaldii, D. glabellum, and D. perplexum, and the four are called the D. paniculatum Group, which is characterized by having straight loments with 3–5 angled segments. These species have been studied intensively by B. G. Schubert (1950, 1950b) and D. Isely (1953, 1983b, 1990, 1998). According to Isely (1990, 1998), D. paniculatum intergrades with both D. perplexum and D. glabellum, resulting in a continuum of variation among the members of the D. paniculatum Group that suggests introgression, including: D. paniculatum × D. perplexum; D. paniculatum × D. glabellum; and D. glabellum × D. perplexum. They are treated here as varieties of a single polymorphic species. The varieties are distinguished by somewhat continuous or overlapping characters. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. | ||||
Parent taxa | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Desmodium | Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Desmodium | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Hedysarum triflorum, Grona triflora, Meibomia triflora, Sagotia triflora | Hedysarum paniculatum, Meibomia paniculata | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 2: 334. (1825) | (Linnaeus) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 2: 329. (1825) | ||||
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