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Maryland tickclover, smooth small-leaf tick-trefoil

Illinois tickclover, Illinois ticktrefoil

Habit Herbs, perennial. Herbs, perennial.
Stems

ascending to erect, usually striate, branched or unbranched, 30–150 cm, glabrous or sparsely to densely uncinate-puberulent, sometimes also patent long-pilose.

ascending to erect, branched or unbranched, 50–100 cm, medially uncinate-pubescent, sometimes also ± pilose.

Leaves

trifoliolate;

stipules caducous or moderately persistent, subulate to narrowly ovate, 2–5 mm;

petiole 1–30 mm;

leaflet blades narrowly ovate, elliptic, elliptic-ovate, ovate-rhombic, or suborbiculate, apex obtuse or acute, mucronulate, surfaces sparsely to densely uncinate-puberulent and appressed-villous abaxially, uncinate-puberulent or glabrescent adaxially;

terminal blade 9–75 × 6–33 mm, length 1.5–4(–5) times width.

trifoliolate;

stipules persistent, ovate, 8–15 mm, base amplexicaul, pilose-ciliate;

petiole 30–50 mm;

leaflet blades narrowly ovate to ovate, thick, papery, apex acute to rounded, surfaces conspicuously reticulate-veined abaxially, uncinate-puberulent on veins abaxially, sparsely spreading-villous or glabrous adaxially;

terminal blade 35–80 × 30–70 mm, length 1.5–3 times width.

Inflorescences

terminal and branched, axillary and unbranched;

rachis uncinate-puberulent;

primary bracts ovate, 1.5–3 mm.

usually unbranched;

rachis patent-pilose and uncinate-puberulent;

primary bracts narrowly ovate, 4–5 mm.

Pedicels

3–19 mm, uncinate-puberulent.

7–15(–23) mm.

Flowers

calyx 1.5–2.5 mm, pubescent (not uncinate-puberulent), tube 1 mm;

abaxial lobes 1.2–1.5 mm, lateral lobes 1 mm;

corolla usually lavender to red-violet or pink-purple, rarely white, 4–6 mm.

calyx 4–5 mm, uncinate-puberulent and pilose, tube 2–3 mm;

abaxial lobes 2.5 mm, lateral lobes 2 mm;

corolla purplish, 6–8 mm.

Loments

sutures crenate abaxially, sinuate adaxially;

connections adaxial, 1/4–1/2 as broad as segments;

segments 1–4, broadly elliptic, 3.5–5.5 × 2.5–4 mm, rounded abaxially, convex adaxially, uncinate-puberulent throughout;

stipe 1–2 mm.

sutures equally crenate;

connections central, 1/2–4/5 as broad as segments;

segments 4–7, elliptic or suborbiculate, 4–7 × 3.5–5 mm, symmetrically convex abaxially and adaxially, densely uncinate-puberulent and villous;

stipe 2–4 mm.

2n

= 22.

Desmodium marilandicum

Desmodium illinoense

Phenology Flowering summer(–fall).
Habitat Prairie relics, thickets, road­sides.
Elevation 100–500 m. (300–1600 ft.)
Distribution
from USDA
e United States; sc United States; West Indies
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AR; IA; IL; IN; KS; MI; MN; MO; NE; OH; OK; SD; TX; WI
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 3 (3 in the flora).

Desmodium ciliare, D. lancifolium, and D. marilandicum have generally been recognized as closely related but distinct species in floras of the United States. They commonly have two or three articulate, small loments. D. Isely (1990, 1998) grouped them as the D. ciliare Group and regarded forms intermediate between them as putative hybrids: D. ciliare × D. marilandicum and D. ciliare × D. lancifolium. They have been separated by differences in the leaflets and pubescence, but the differences are not always clear. They are treated here as one species with three varieties.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Desmodium illinoense is considered extirpated from Ontario, where it was collected once in 1888 near London.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Terminal leaflet blades elliptic-ovate to narrowly ovate, 50–75 × 20–33 mm, apex acute to obtuse.
var. lancifolium
1. Terminal leaflet blades elliptic, ovate, ovate-rhombic, or suborbiculate, 9–40 × 6–17 mm, apex obtuse.
→ 2
2. Petioles 12–30 mm, sparsely uncinate-puberulent; stems with a few, scattered hairs; pedicels (6–)8–19 mm.
var. marilandicum
2. Petioles 1–15 mm; stems and petioles uncinate-puberulent and patent long-pilose; pedicels.
var. ciliare
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Desmodium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Desmodium
Sibling taxa
D. arizonicum, D. batocaulon, D. canadense, D. canescens, D. cinerascens, D. cuspidatum, D. floridanum, D. grahamii, D. gramineum, D. illinoense, D. incanum, D. intortum, D. laevigatum, D. lindheimeri, D. lineatum, D. metcalfei, D. nuttallii, D. ochroleucum, D. paniculatum, D. procumbens, D. psilocarpum, D. psilophyllum, D. retinens, D. rosei, D. rotundifolium, D. scopulorum, D. scorpiurus, D. sessilifolium, D. strictum, D. tenuifolium, D. tortuosum, D. triflorum, D. tweedyi, D. viridiflorum, D. ×humifusum
D. arizonicum, D. batocaulon, D. canadense, D. canescens, D. cinerascens, D. cuspidatum, D. floridanum, D. grahamii, D. gramineum, D. incanum, D. intortum, D. laevigatum, D. lindheimeri, D. lineatum, D. marilandicum, D. metcalfei, D. nuttallii, D. ochroleucum, D. paniculatum, D. procumbens, D. psilocarpum, D. psilophyllum, D. retinens, D. rosei, D. rotundifolium, D. scopulorum, D. scorpiurus, D. sessilifolium, D. strictum, D. tenuifolium, D. tortuosum, D. triflorum, D. tweedyi, D. viridiflorum, D. ×humifusum
Subordinate taxa
D. marilandicum var. ciliare, D. marilandicum var. lancifolium, D. marilandicum var. marilandicum
Synonyms Hedysarum marilandicum, Meibomia marilandica Meibomia illinoensis
Name authority (Linnaeus) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 2: 328. (1825) — (as marylandicum) A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 289. (1870)
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