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creeping beggarweed, Spanish clover, Spanish tick-trefoil, zarzabacoa comun

Habit Herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, perennial; stoloniferous or rhizomatous. Herbs, perennial.
Stems

erect or ascending, to 300 cm, pubescent or glabrescent.

prostrate, 100–200(–300) cm, sparsely to densely patent-pubescent and uncinate-puberulent.

Leaves

trifoliolate;

stipules usually persistent, narrowly ovate-deltate, 5–10 mm;

petiole usually 15–20 mm;

leaflet blades elliptic to ovate, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces finely spreading-villosulous to substrigose abaxially, uncinate-puberulent or glabrescent adaxially;

terminal blade 20–90 × 15–45 mm, length 1.5–4 times width.

trifoliolate;

stipules often caducous, sometimes persistent, ovate or narrowly ovate, 4.5–8 mm;

petiole 28–50 mm;

leaflet blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, lateral veins inconspicuous, arcuate along margin, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces sparsely strigose;

terminal blade 30–70 × 20–50 mm, length 1.4–2 times width.

Inflorescences

unbranched;

rachis densely patent uncinate-pubescent;

primary bracts caducous, narrowly ovate, 6–7 mm.

lax-flowered, ascending, terminal and branched, also axillary and unbranched;

rachis uncinate-puberulent;

primary bracts caducous, ovate, 3–4 mm.

Pedicels

persistent with calyx-remnant at top after loments drop, 5–9 mm.

7–9 mm.

Flowers

calyx 2–3.5 mm, uncinate-puberulent, lobes pilose, tube 1 mm;

abaxial lobes 1.5–2.5 mm, lateral lobes 1–2 mm;

corolla purple, 5–8 mm.

calyx 2.5–3.5 mm, uncinate-puberulent, tube 1 mm;

abaxial lobes 2 mm, lateral lobes 1.5 mm;

corolla purple, 8–9.5 mm.

Loments

sutures symmetrically crenate abaxially, straight or slightly sinuate adaxially;

connections central, 1/2–2/3 as broad as segments;

segments 4–8, semiobovate, 3.5–5 × 2.5–3 mm, broadly rounded abaxially, straight or barely convex adaxially, uncinate-puberulent;

stipe 1.5–2 mm.

sutures obtusely dentate abaxially, sinuate adaxially;

connections adaxial, 1/4–1/3 as broad as segments;

segments 3 or 4, deltate-rhombic, 6–8 × 4–5 mm, obtusely angled abaxially, straight or slightly convex adaxially, uncinate-pubescent;

stipe 2 mm.

2n

= 22.

Desmodium incanum

Desmodium ×humifusum

Phenology Flowering spring–fall. Flowering summer–fall.
Habitat Pine-palmetto flatwoods, woodland borders, lawns, ruderal sites, disturbed or waste areas. Woodland openings and edges, powerline cuts, near exposed limestone.
Elevation 0–50 m. (0–200 ft.) 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; TX; Central America; South America; Mexico (Chiapas, Jalisco, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tamaulipas, Veracruz); West Indies [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Asia (Taiwan), Africa, Indian Ocean Islands (Mauritius, Reunion), Pacific Islands, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; DE; IN; MA; MD; MO; NJ; NY; PA
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Desmodium incanum may be distinguished by its long-persistent stipules usually fused and nearly surrounding the stem, at least when young, and by its pedicels which are usually borne singly and are each subtended by one primary bract and two (lateral) secondary bracts (B. G. Schubert 1980).

Desmodium incanum was long known as D. canum Schinz & Thellung (= Meibomia cana S. F. Blake) based on the illegitimate Hedysarum canum J. F. Gmelin, a superfluous name for H. racemosum Aublet. The complex nomenclatural history was elaborated by D. H. Nicolson (1978) and L. C. P. Lima et al. (2012, 2014). Hedysarum canescens Miller (1768) is a later homonym of H. canescens Linnaeus (1753), thus illegitimate, and pertains here. Hedysarum canum J. F. Gmelin is a superfluous name for H. racemosum Aublet; Meibomia cana S. F. Blake was intended as a new combination based on that name.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Desmodium ×humifusum had been recognized as a species, but J. A. Raveill (2002) confirmed a hybrid origin from D. paniculatum and D. rotundifolium by allozyme electrophoresis. Desmodium × humifusum is likely to occur more widely than reported. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants as D. humifusum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Desmodium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Desmodium
Sibling taxa
D. arizonicum, D. batocaulon, D. canadense, D. canescens, D. cinerascens, D. cuspidatum, D. floridanum, D. grahamii, D. gramineum, D. illinoense, D. intortum, D. laevigatum, D. lindheimeri, D. lineatum, D. marilandicum, D. metcalfei, D. nuttallii, D. ochroleucum, D. paniculatum, D. procumbens, D. psilocarpum, D. psilophyllum, D. retinens, D. rosei, D. rotundifolium, D. scopulorum, D. scorpiurus, D. sessilifolium, D. strictum, D. tenuifolium, D. tortuosum, D. triflorum, D. tweedyi, D. viridiflorum, D. ×humifusum
D. arizonicum, D. batocaulon, D. canadense, D. canescens, D. cinerascens, D. cuspidatum, D. floridanum, D. grahamii, D. gramineum, D. illinoense, D. incanum, D. intortum, D. laevigatum, D. lindheimeri, D. lineatum, D. marilandicum, D. metcalfei, D. nuttallii, D. ochroleucum, D. paniculatum, D. procumbens, D. psilocarpum, D. psilophyllum, D. retinens, D. rosei, D. rotundifolium, D. scopulorum, D. scorpiurus, D. sessilifolium, D. strictum, D. tenuifolium, D. tortuosum, D. triflorum, D. tweedyi, D. viridiflorum
Synonyms Hedysarum incanum, Aeschynomene incana, D. ancistrocarpum, D. canum, D. frutescens, D. frutescens var. amplyophyllum, D. malacophyllum, D. mauritianum, D. supinum var. amblyophyllum, H. ancistrocarpum, H. malacophyllum, H. mauritianum, H. racemosum, Meibomia adscendens var. incana, M. incana, M. malacophylla, M. supina Hedysaum humifusum, Meibomia humifusa
Name authority (Swartz) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 2: 332. (1825) — name conserved (Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) L. C. Beck: Bot. North. Middle States, 86. (1833) — (as species)
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