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Illinois tickclover, Illinois ticktrefoil

western trailing tickclover, western trailing ticktrefoil

Habit Herbs, perennial. Herbs, annual or perennial, often diminutive.
Stems

ascending to erect, branched or unbranched, 50–100 cm, medially uncinate-pubescent, sometimes also ± pilose.

erect or procumbent, usually striate, usually unbranched, sometimes branched, 10–40(–150) cm, uncinate-puberulent and sparsely pubescent or glabrescent.

Leaves

trifoliolate;

stipules persistent, ovate, 8–15 mm, base amplexicaul, pilose-ciliate;

petiole 30–50 mm;

leaflet blades narrowly ovate to ovate, thick, papery, apex acute to rounded, surfaces conspicuously reticulate-veined abaxially, uncinate-puberulent on veins abaxially, sparsely spreading-villous or glabrous adaxially;

terminal blade 35–80 × 30–70 mm, length 1.5–3 times width.

trifoliolate, usually unifoliolate proximally and/or distally;

stipules persistent, patent or deflexed, subulate to narrowly ovate-deltate, 1–7 mm;

petiole 10–35 mm;

leaflet blades polymorphic between proximal and/or distal ones and median ones in a single individual, linear, narrowly to broadly ovate, rhombic or transversely ovate, lateral leaflets nearly as large as terminal, apex acute to acuminate or obtuse, surfaces uncinate-puberulent and villous;

terminal blade 25–50 × 6–10 mm, length 0.8–10 times width; unifoliolate blades transversely elliptic or depressed ovate, 10 × 15–20 mm, or ovate or oblong to broadly ovate, 2–4 × 2–3 mm.

Inflorescences

usually unbranched;

rachis patent-pilose and uncinate-puberulent;

primary bracts narrowly ovate, 4–5 mm.

branched or unbranched;

rachis densely patent uncinate-puberulent;

primary bracts caducous or persistent, narrowly ovate, 1.5–5.5 mm.

Pedicels

7–15(–23) mm.

6–23 mm.

Flowers

calyx 4–5 mm, uncinate-puberulent and pilose, tube 2–3 mm;

abaxial lobes 2.5 mm, lateral lobes 2 mm;

corolla purplish, 6–8 mm.

calyx 2–3 mm, scabrous, often glandular, tube 1 mm;

abaxial lobes 1.5–2 mm, lateral lobes 1.3–1.5 mm;

corolla ephemeral, pinkish or rose-violet, fading yellow-green or blue-green, 2.5–3.5 mm.

Loments

sutures equally crenate;

connections central, 1/2–4/5 as broad as segments;

segments 4–7, elliptic or suborbiculate, 4–7 × 3.5–5 mm, symmetrically convex abaxially and adaxially, densely uncinate-puberulent and villous;

stipe 2–4 mm.

margins involute, sutures subequally crenate, contorted or appearing spirally twisted when young;

connections central, 1/4–1/5 as broad as segments;

segments (1 or)2–5, rhombic, 2–4 × 2–3 mm, angled abaxially, sometimes rounded, obtusely angled adaxially, uncinate-puberulent throughout;

stipe 0.3–3.5 mm.

Desmodium illinoense

Desmodium procumbens

Phenology Flowering summer(–fall).
Habitat Prairie relics, thickets, road­sides.
Elevation 100–500 m. (300–1600 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; IA; IL; IN; KS; MI; MN; MO; NE; OH; OK; SD; TX; WI
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
United States; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; n South America [Introduced in Asia, Africa]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Desmodium illinoense is considered extirpated from Ontario, where it was collected once in 1888 near London.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 5 (2 in the flora).

Desmodium procumbens was characterized by B. G. Schubert (1940, 1980) and R. McVaugh (1987) as an erect or procumbent annual species. It was grouped by D. Isely (1998) with D. neomexicanum A. Gray and D. rosei B. G. Schubert in the D. procumbens Group. Desmodium neomexicanum is united with D. procumbens in having twisted loments and is here recognized at the rank of variety.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Loments distinctly spirally twisted when young, stipes 1.5–3.5 mm; primary bracts 1.5–2.5 mm; leaves unifoliolate and trifoliolate.
var. procumbens
1. Loments slightly spirally twisted, stipes 0.3–2 mm; primary bracts 2.5–5.5 mm; leaves mostly trifoliolate.
var. neomexicanum
Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Desmodium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Desmodium
Sibling taxa
D. arizonicum, D. batocaulon, D. canadense, D. canescens, D. cinerascens, D. cuspidatum, D. floridanum, D. grahamii, D. gramineum, D. incanum, D. intortum, D. laevigatum, D. lindheimeri, D. lineatum, D. marilandicum, D. metcalfei, D. nuttallii, D. ochroleucum, D. paniculatum, D. procumbens, D. psilocarpum, D. psilophyllum, D. retinens, D. rosei, D. rotundifolium, D. scopulorum, D. scorpiurus, D. sessilifolium, D. strictum, D. tenuifolium, D. tortuosum, D. triflorum, D. tweedyi, D. viridiflorum, D. ×humifusum
D. arizonicum, D. batocaulon, D. canadense, D. canescens, D. cinerascens, D. cuspidatum, D. floridanum, D. grahamii, D. gramineum, D. illinoense, D. incanum, D. intortum, D. laevigatum, D. lindheimeri, D. lineatum, D. marilandicum, D. metcalfei, D. nuttallii, D. ochroleucum, D. paniculatum, D. psilocarpum, D. psilophyllum, D. retinens, D. rosei, D. rotundifolium, D. scopulorum, D. scorpiurus, D. sessilifolium, D. strictum, D. tenuifolium, D. tortuosum, D. triflorum, D. tweedyi, D. viridiflorum, D. ×humifusum
Subordinate taxa
D. procumbens var. neomexicanum, D. procumbens var. procumbens
Synonyms Meibomia illinoensis Hedysarum procumbens, Meibomia procumbens
Name authority A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 289. (1870) (Miller) Hitchcock: Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 76. (1893)
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