The green links below add additional plants to the comparison table. Blue links lead to other Web sites.
enable glossary links

Dixie tick trefoil

Habit Herbs, perennial. Herbs, perennial.
Stems

prostrate, 100–200(–300) cm, sparsely to densely patent-pubescent and uncinate-puberulent.

erect, 50–200 cm, medially uncinate-pubescent and patent-villous.

Leaves

trifoliolate;

stipules often caducous, sometimes persistent, ovate or narrowly ovate, 4.5–8 mm;

petiole 28–50 mm;

leaflet blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, lateral veins inconspicuous, arcuate along margin, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces sparsely strigose;

terminal blade 30–70 × 20–50 mm, length 1.4–2 times width.

trifoliolate;

stipules persistent, often patent or reflexed, obliquely ovate and apex acuminate or narrowly ovate and apex aristate, 3–12.5 mm, base amplexicaul;

petiole 8–50 mm;

leaflet blades narrowly ovate to ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces obscurely prominently reticulate-veined abaxially, uncinate-puberulent and strigose or subappressed-villous;

terminal blade (20–)40–150 × 10–50 mm, length 2–3 times width.

Inflorescences

lax-flowered, ascending, terminal and branched, also axillary and unbranched;

rachis uncinate-puberulent;

primary bracts caducous, ovate, 3–4 mm.

branched or unbranched;

rachis villous (often with bulbous hairs) and uncinate-puberulent, or only uncinate-puberulent;

primary bracts caducous, narrowly ovate, 4 mm.

Pedicels

7–9 mm.

10–15 mm.

Flowers

calyx 2.5–3.5 mm, uncinate-puberulent, tube 1 mm;

abaxial lobes 2 mm, lateral lobes 1.5 mm;

corolla purple, 8–9.5 mm.

calyx 1.5–3 mm, uncinate-puberulent, tube to 1 mm;

abaxial lobes 2 mm, lateral lobes 1 mm;

corolla lavender, 4–6 mm.

Loments

sutures obtusely dentate abaxially, sinuate adaxially;

connections adaxial, 1/4–1/3 as broad as segments;

segments 3 or 4, deltate-rhombic, 6–8 × 4–5 mm, obtusely angled abaxially, straight or slightly convex adaxially, uncinate-pubescent;

stipe 2 mm.

margins alternately involute and revolute, sutures equally crenate, twisted conspicuously when young;

connections central, 1/4 as broad as segments;

segments (3 or)4–7, orbiculate, broadly elliptic, or rhombic, 3–4.5 × 3–3.5 mm, rounded abaxially and adaxially, densely uncinate-pubescent;

stipe 0.5–1 mm.

2n

= 22.

Desmodium ×humifusum

Desmodium tortuosum

Phenology Flowering summer–fall. Flowering summer–fall (year-round).
Habitat Woodland openings and edges, powerline cuts, near exposed limestone. Open, dis­turbed sites, ruderal areas, pinelands, savannas.
Elevation 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
CT; DE; IN; MA; MD; MO; NJ; NY; PA
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Central America; South America; Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora); West Indies [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Asia, Africa, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Desmodium ×humifusum had been recognized as a species, but J. A. Raveill (2002) confirmed a hybrid origin from D. paniculatum and D. rotundifolium by allozyme electrophoresis. Desmodium × humifusum is likely to occur more widely than reported. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants as D. humifusum.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Desmodium tortuosum is most easily distinguished from its relatives by the thick leaflets with prominent reticulate venation, the large persistent stipules, and the long, stiff, ascending to spreading pedicels (B. G. Schubert 1980).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 11. FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Desmodium Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Desmodium
Sibling taxa
D. arizonicum, D. batocaulon, D. canadense, D. canescens, D. cinerascens, D. cuspidatum, D. floridanum, D. grahamii, D. gramineum, D. illinoense, D. incanum, D. intortum, D. laevigatum, D. lindheimeri, D. lineatum, D. marilandicum, D. metcalfei, D. nuttallii, D. ochroleucum, D. paniculatum, D. procumbens, D. psilocarpum, D. psilophyllum, D. retinens, D. rosei, D. rotundifolium, D. scopulorum, D. scorpiurus, D. sessilifolium, D. strictum, D. tenuifolium, D. tortuosum, D. triflorum, D. tweedyi, D. viridiflorum
D. arizonicum, D. batocaulon, D. canadense, D. canescens, D. cinerascens, D. cuspidatum, D. floridanum, D. grahamii, D. gramineum, D. illinoense, D. incanum, D. intortum, D. laevigatum, D. lindheimeri, D. lineatum, D. marilandicum, D. metcalfei, D. nuttallii, D. ochroleucum, D. paniculatum, D. procumbens, D. psilocarpum, D. psilophyllum, D. retinens, D. rosei, D. rotundifolium, D. scopulorum, D. scorpiurus, D. sessilifolium, D. strictum, D. tenuifolium, D. triflorum, D. tweedyi, D. viridiflorum, D. ×humifusum
Synonyms Hedysaum humifusum, Meibomia humifusa Hedysarum tortuosum, Meibomia purpurea, M. tortuosa
Name authority (Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) L. C. Beck: Bot. North. Middle States, 86. (1833) — (as species) (Swartz) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 2: 332. (1825)
Web links