Desmodium ×humifusum |
Desmodium tortuosum |
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Dixie tick trefoil |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial. | Herbs, perennial. |
Stems | prostrate, 100–200(–300) cm, sparsely to densely patent-pubescent and uncinate-puberulent. |
erect, 50–200 cm, medially uncinate-pubescent and patent-villous. |
Leaves | trifoliolate; stipules often caducous, sometimes persistent, ovate or narrowly ovate, 4.5–8 mm; petiole 28–50 mm; leaflet blades ovate or rhombic-ovate, lateral veins inconspicuous, arcuate along margin, apex acute or obtuse, surfaces sparsely strigose; terminal blade 30–70 × 20–50 mm, length 1.4–2 times width. |
trifoliolate; stipules persistent, often patent or reflexed, obliquely ovate and apex acuminate or narrowly ovate and apex aristate, 3–12.5 mm, base amplexicaul; petiole 8–50 mm; leaflet blades narrowly ovate to ovate, elliptic, or rhombic, apex obtuse or acute, surfaces obscurely prominently reticulate-veined abaxially, uncinate-puberulent and strigose or subappressed-villous; terminal blade (20–)40–150 × 10–50 mm, length 2–3 times width. |
Inflorescences | lax-flowered, ascending, terminal and branched, also axillary and unbranched; rachis uncinate-puberulent; primary bracts caducous, ovate, 3–4 mm. |
branched or unbranched; rachis villous (often with bulbous hairs) and uncinate-puberulent, or only uncinate-puberulent; primary bracts caducous, narrowly ovate, 4 mm. |
Pedicels | 7–9 mm. |
10–15 mm. |
Flowers | calyx 2.5–3.5 mm, uncinate-puberulent, tube 1 mm; abaxial lobes 2 mm, lateral lobes 1.5 mm; corolla purple, 8–9.5 mm. |
calyx 1.5–3 mm, uncinate-puberulent, tube to 1 mm; abaxial lobes 2 mm, lateral lobes 1 mm; corolla lavender, 4–6 mm. |
Loments | sutures obtusely dentate abaxially, sinuate adaxially; connections adaxial, 1/4–1/3 as broad as segments; segments 3 or 4, deltate-rhombic, 6–8 × 4–5 mm, obtusely angled abaxially, straight or slightly convex adaxially, uncinate-pubescent; stipe 2 mm. |
margins alternately involute and revolute, sutures equally crenate, twisted conspicuously when young; connections central, 1/4 as broad as segments; segments (3 or)4–7, orbiculate, broadly elliptic, or rhombic, 3–4.5 × 3–3.5 mm, rounded abaxially and adaxially, densely uncinate-pubescent; stipe 0.5–1 mm. |
2n | = 22. |
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Desmodium ×humifusum |
Desmodium tortuosum |
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Phenology | Flowering summer–fall. | Flowering summer–fall (year-round). |
Habitat | Woodland openings and edges, powerline cuts, near exposed limestone. | Open, disturbed sites, ruderal areas, pinelands, savannas. |
Elevation | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) | 0–300 m. (0–1000 ft.) |
Distribution |
CT; DE; IN; MA; MD; MO; NJ; NY; PA |
AL; AR; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Central America; South America; Mexico (Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Sonora); West Indies [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Asia, Africa, Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia]
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Discussion | Desmodium ×humifusum had been recognized as a species, but J. A. Raveill (2002) confirmed a hybrid origin from D. paniculatum and D. rotundifolium by allozyme electrophoresis. Desmodium × humifusum is likely to occur more widely than reported. It is in the Center for Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants as D. humifusum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Desmodium tortuosum is most easily distinguished from its relatives by the thick leaflets with prominent reticulate venation, the large persistent stipules, and the long, stiff, ascending to spreading pedicels (B. G. Schubert 1980). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 11. | FNA vol. 11. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Hedysaum humifusum, Meibomia humifusa | Hedysarum tortuosum, Meibomia purpurea, M. tortuosa |
Name authority | (Muhlenberg ex Bigelow) L. C. Beck: Bot. North. Middle States, 86. (1833) — (as species) | (Swartz) de Candolle in A. P. de Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle: Prodr. 2: 332. (1825) |
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