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northern tansy-mustard

green tansy-mustard, intermediate tansymustard, salty tansymustard, short-fruit tansymustard, short-fruit western tansymustard, western tansy-mustard, yellow tansy mustard

Habit Annuals or biennials; eglandular or glandular distally; glabrate to moderately pubescent, trichomes dendritic, sometimes mixed with simple ones. Annuals; glandular or eglandular; sparsely to densely pubescent, sometimes glabrous distally, canescent or not, trichomes dendritic.
Stems

erect, unbranched or sometimes branched distally, (0.5–)1.5–11(–18) dm.

erect, unbranched or branched basally and/or distally, (0.8–)1.3–5.7(–9.2) dm.

Basal leaves

petiole 0.5–5 cm;

blade pinnate or, sometimes, 2-pinnate, broadly oblanceolate to ovate in outline, 2.5–11.4(–15.2) cm, lateral lobes lanceolate, (to 10 × 4 mm), margins incised.

petiole 0.5–3.6 cm;

blade 1- or 2-pinnate, ovate or oblong to oblanceolate in outline, 1–15 cm, lateral lobes (4–9 pairs), linear or oblanceolate to ovate, margins entire or dentate.

Cauline leaves

sessile or shortly petiolate;

blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces often glabrous or sparsely pubescent.

sessile or shortly petiolate;

blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces densely pubescent.

Racemes

elongated or not in fruit, (flowers overtopped by developing fruits).

considerably elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals erect, yellowish, oblong, 1.6–2.7 mm, glabrous;

petals narrowly oblanceolate, 2–2.5 × 0.3–0.6 mm;

median filaments 2.5–3.5 mm;

anthers 0.3–0.4 mm.

sepals spreading to ascending, yellow, purple, or rose, oblong, 0.8–2.6 mm, pubescent;

petals (whitish or yellow), narrowly oblanceolate, 1–3 × 0.3–1 mm;

median filaments 1–2.8 mm;

anthers 0.2–0.4 mm.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate to ascending, (often recurved in age), slender, (3–)4–9(–13) mm.

usually ascending to divaricate or horizontal, rarely descending (at 20–110º angle), straight or slightly recurved, 4–18(–23) mm.

Fruits

erect to widely spreading, narrowly linear, slightly torulose, (9–)14–30(–34) × 0.6–1.1 mm, (usually terete, rarely slightly flattened, often curved inward);

valves each with obscure midvein;

septum not veined;

ovules 30–62 per ovary;

style obsolete, 0.07–0.3 mm, glabrous.

erect to ascending, usually clavate, rarely broadly linear (wider distally), not torulose, 4–13(–17) × 1.2–2.2 mm;

valves each with distinct midvein;

septum not veined;

ovules 16–40 per ovary;

style obsolete, 0.02–0.2 mm, glabrous.

Seeds

uniseriate, light brown, narrowly oblong, 1–1.5 × 0.3–0.5 mm.

biseriate, reddish brown, oblong, 0.6–0.9 × 0.4–0.5 mm.

2n

= 14.

Descurainia sophioides

Descurainia pinnata

Phenology Flowering Jun–Sep.
Habitat Open meadows, eroded peat, roadsides, disturbed and waste sites, rocky outcrops, mining dumps, gravelly grounds, stream banks, gullies
Elevation 0-1000 m (0-3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; BC; MB; NT; NU; YT; Asia (Russian Far East, Siberia)
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; FL; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MI; MN; MO; MS; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; n Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora).

Plants assigned to Descurainia pinnata by various authors represent one of the most complex assemblages of any North American Brassicaceae. L. E. Detling (1939) divided it into eleven subspecies, of which R. C. Rollins (1993) accepted eight. The species includes series of populations that show tremendous variability in every conceivable character, and the variation is continuous between extremes. Some of the taxa recognized by these authors were based solely on trivial variations in the degree of pubescence on the distal parts, shape of the distalmost leaf segments, and presence or absence of glands. The latter character can vary within a given population and, therefore, its utility in distinguishing taxa is questionable at best. Cases in point are Cully s.n. (spring 1984) and Worthington 26353, both at UNM, collected from Bernalillo and Luna counties (New Mexico), respectively; each sheet has both glandular and eglandular forms.

As delimited by L. E. Detling (1939) and R. C. Rollins (1993), subspp. halictorum and menziesii represent a heterogeneous assemblage of intermediates within Descurainia pinnata and between it and other species. In the absence of thorough studies on these subspecies, we prefer to avoid placing them in the synonymy of a putative parental species or recognizing them as subspecies of a parent. Readers interested in the synonymies of subspp. halictorum and menziesii may consult Detling and Rollins.

Molecular studies by B. E. Goodson (2007) indicated that some taxa previously included in Descurainia pinnata (i.e., subspp. filipes, nelsonii, paradisa, and paysonii) should be placed elsewhere. While the molecular data were not able to resolve the remaining subspecies, a critical evaluation of morphology shows that the entire D. pinnata complex falls into at least four relatively distinct groups recognized here as subspecies.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Rachises glabrous, eglandular.
subsp. glabra
1. Rachises sparsely to densely pubescent, glandular or eglandular
→ 2
2. Plants canescent, often eglandular; stems branching basally or distal to base; sepals purple or rose.
subsp. ochroleuca
2. Plants not canescent, often glandular; stems unbranched basally; sepals yellow or rose
→ 3
3. Fruiting pedicels 4-14(-17) mm, forming (60-)70-90(-110)º angles; sepals rose (at least apically), 0.8-2 mm; petals 1-1.8 mm.
subsp. pinnata
3. Fruiting pedicels (7-)10-18(-23) mm, forming 20-60(-80)º angles; sepals yellow, 1.5-2.6 mm; petals (1.7-)2-3 mm.
subsp. brachycarpa
Source FNA vol. 7, p. 529. FNA vol. 7, p. 526.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Descurainieae > Descurainia Brassicaceae > tribe Descurainieae > Descurainia
Sibling taxa
D. adenophora, D. brevisiliqua, D. californica, D. incana, D. incisa, D. kenheilii, D. longepedicellata, D. nelsonii, D. obtusa, D. paradisa, D. pinnata, D. sophia, D. torulosa
D. adenophora, D. brevisiliqua, D. californica, D. incana, D. incisa, D. kenheilii, D. longepedicellata, D. nelsonii, D. obtusa, D. paradisa, D. sophia, D. sophioides, D. torulosa
Subordinate taxa
D. pinnata subsp. brachycarpa, D. pinnata subsp. glabra, D. pinnata subsp. ochroleuca, D. pinnata subsp. pinnata
Synonyms Sisymbrium sophioides, Hesperis arctica, Sisymbrium arcticum, Sophia sophioides Erysimum pinnatum, Sophia pinnata
Name authority (Fischer ex Hooker) O. E. Schulz: in H. G. A. Engler, Pflanzenr. 86[IV,105]: 316. (1924) (Walter) Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 173. (1894)
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