Descurainia sophia |
Descurainia paradisa |
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fine-leaf tansy-mustard, fixweed, flixweed, flixweed tansymustard, herb sophia, not much flower, tansy mustard |
Great Basin tansy mustard, Nevada tansymustard, paradise tansymustard |
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Habit | Annuals; eglandular; sparsely to densely pubescent, sometimes glabrous distally, trichomes dendritic. | Annuals; glandular or eglandular; sparsely to densely pubescent, trichomes dendritic. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched distally, (1–)2–7(–10) dm. |
erect, branched basally and distally, (often purplish), (1–)1.5–3.2(–4.1) dm. |
Basal leaves | petiole 0.1–2(–3) cm; blade 2- or 3-pinnate, ovate or oblong to obovate in outline, to 15 cm, lateral lobes linear or oblong, (to 10 × 2 mm), margins entire. |
(soon withered); petiole 0.3–1.3 cm; blade pinnate, oblanceolate to obovate in outline, 1.5–3 cm, lateral lobes oblong to linear or lanceolate, (1–5 × 0.3–1 mm), margins entire or dentate. |
Cauline leaves | sessile or shortly petiolate; blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces often glabrous. |
sessile; blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces moderately to densely pubescent. |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals erect to ascending, yellowish, oblong, 1.8–2.8 mm, glabrate to sparsely pubescent; petals narrowly oblanceolate, 2–3 × 0.4–0.6 mm; median filaments 2–3 mm; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm. |
sepals spreading to ascending, pale yellow, oblong, 0.8–1.2 mm, pubescent; petals oblanceolate, 0.9–1.3 × 0.2–0.5 mm; median filaments 0.8–1.2 mm; anthers 0.1–0.2 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, straight, (5–)8–15(–20) mm. |
divaricate to ascending, straight, 2.5–7(–9) mm. |
Fruits | divaricate-ascending to erect, narrowly linear, torulose, (12–)15–27(–30) × 0.5–0.8(–1) mm, (straight or curved upward); valves each with distinct midvein; septum with a broad central longitudinal band appearing as 2 or 3 veins; ovules 20–48 per ovary; style obsolete, 0.05–0.2 mm, glabrous. |
divaricate to erect, usually obovoid to clavate, rarely broadly ellipsoid, not torulose, 2–5 × 1–2 mm, (acute basally, obtuse apically); valves each with obscure midvein; septum not veined; ovules 4–10 per ovary; style 0.05–0.3 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | uniseriate, reddish brown, oblong, 0.7–1.3 × 0.3–0.6 mm. |
uniseriate or biseriate, brown, oblong, 0.8–1.2 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
2n | = 28. |
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Descurainia sophia |
Descurainia paradisa |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Apr–Jun. |
Habitat | Roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, railroad embankments, hillsides, mountain slopes, canyon bottoms, stream banks, fields, lawns, pastures, deserts, sagebrush and pinyon-juniper communities | Shrub communities, sandy washes and dunes, roadsides |
Elevation | 0-3000 m [0-9800 ft] | 1000-2300 m [3300-7500 ft] |
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, South Africa, Australia]
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CA; NV; OR
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Discussion | Deviant chromosome counts (e.g., 2n = 12, 14, 20, 38; see R. C. Rollins 1993, N. H. Holmgren 2005b, S. I. Warwick and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 2006) are most certainly erroneous, and the species appears to be exclusively tetraploid based on x = 7. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Although L. E. Detling (1939) reduced Descurainia paradisa to a subspecies of D. pinnata, molecular data (B. E. Goodson 2007) clearly show that it should not be included in that species. The boundaries of D. paradisa in its northern and southern ranges tend to be blurred relative to D. nelsonii and D. pinnata, respectively. R. C. Rollins (1993) and N. H. Holmgren (2005b) recognized some of the Nevada plants of Descurainia paradisa that have eglandular racemes as a subspecies and variety (nevadensis), respectively. This poorly delimited division of the species is artificial, and both glandular and eglandular forms are sometimes found within individual populations of most species. They also indicated that nevadensis has styles 0.2–0.3 mm (versus 0.05–0.15 mm in D. paradisa), but this distinction is equally unreliable. Indeed, the style length and the presence versus absence of glands are not inherited together. Some of the eglandular plants have styles to 0.1 mm (e.g., Williams & Tiehm 86-51-1, GH). It is likely that some of the plants identified as nevadensis are of hybrid origin involving other species, especially D. nelsonii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 528. | FNA vol. 7, p. 526. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium sophia, Hesperis sophia, Sisymbrium parviflorum, Sophia parviflora | Sophia paradisa, D. paradisa subsp. nevadensis, D. paradisa var. nevadensis, D. pinnata subsp. paradisa, D. pinnata var. paradisa, Sisymbrium paradisum |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 55(III,2): 192. (1891) | (A. Nelson & P. B. Kennedy) O. E. Schulz: in H. G. A. Engler, Pflanzenr. 86[IV,105]: 331. (1924) |
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