Descurainia sophia |
Descurainia incisa |
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fine-leaf tansy-mustard, fixweed, flixweed, flixweed tansymustard, herb sophia, not much flower, tansy mustard |
cut-leaf tansymustard, mountain tansy-mustard |
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Habit | Annuals; eglandular; sparsely to densely pubescent, sometimes glabrous distally, trichomes dendritic. | Annuals; glandular or eglandular; densely to sparsely pubescent, glabrous or pubescent distally, sometimes canescent, trichomes dendritic. | ||||
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched distally, (1–)2–7(–10) dm. |
erect, usually unbranched basally, branched distally or sometimes throughout, (1.3–)2–8.2(–10.7) dm. |
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Basal leaves | petiole 0.1–2(–3) cm; blade 2- or 3-pinnate, ovate or oblong to obovate in outline, to 15 cm, lateral lobes linear or oblong, (to 10 × 2 mm), margins entire. |
petiole 0.5–4.7 cm; blade pinnate, obovate to oblanceolate in outline, 1.5–10.3 cm, lateral lobes (2–9 pairs), ovate or oblong to lanceolate or linear, margins usually dentate to incised or entire, rarely pinnatifid or crenate. |
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Cauline leaves | sessile or shortly petiolate; blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces often glabrous. |
sessile or shortly petiolate; blade smaller distally, distal lobes oblong, lanceolate, linear, (margins dentate to denticulate or entire), surfaces pubescent or glabrous. |
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Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit, (glandular or eglandular). |
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Flowers | sepals erect to ascending, yellowish, oblong, 1.8–2.8 mm, glabrate to sparsely pubescent; petals narrowly oblanceolate, 2–3 × 0.4–0.6 mm; median filaments 2–3 mm; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm. |
sepals erect to ascending, yellowish, oblong to ovate, 1.6–2.4 mm, glabrous or pubescent; petals narrowly oblanceolate, 1.7–2.8 × 0.5–0.9 mm; median filaments 1.6–2.4 mm; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm. |
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Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, straight, (5–)8–15(–20) mm. |
ascending to divaricate or horizontal, straight, (3–)5–25(–30) mm. |
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Fruits | divaricate-ascending to erect, narrowly linear, torulose, (12–)15–27(–30) × 0.5–0.8(–1) mm, (straight or curved upward); valves each with distinct midvein; septum with a broad central longitudinal band appearing as 2 or 3 veins; ovules 20–48 per ovary; style obsolete, 0.05–0.2 mm, glabrous. |
erect to ascending, linear, slightly torulose, 8–20 × 0.9–1.3 mm, (straight or slightly to strongly curved inward); valves each not veined or with distinct midvein; septum not veined; ovules 14–26 per ovary; style 0.1–0.3 mm, glabrous. |
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Seeds | uniseriate, reddish brown, oblong, 0.7–1.3 × 0.3–0.6 mm. |
uniseriate, reddish brown, oblong, 0.9–1.3 × 0.5–0.6 mm. |
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2n | = 28. |
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Descurainia sophia |
Descurainia incisa |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | |||||
Habitat | Roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, railroad embankments, hillsides, mountain slopes, canyon bottoms, stream banks, fields, lawns, pastures, deserts, sagebrush and pinyon-juniper communities | |||||
Elevation | 0-3000 m (0-9800 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, South Africa, Australia]
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AZ; CA; CO; ID; MT; NM; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY; AB; BC; YT; n Mexico
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Discussion | Deviant chromosome counts (e.g., 2n = 12, 14, 20, 38; see R. C. Rollins 1993, N. H. Holmgren 2005b, S. I. Warwick and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 2006) are most certainly erroneous, and the species appears to be exclusively tetraploid based on x = 7. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). As delimited by various authors and as represented in all major herbaria consulted, Descurainia incisa is highly variable in almost all features. The variation is most likely the result of hybridization with all species of the genus that have overlapping ranges. Forms with few-seeded, short fruits tapering at both ends most likely represent hybrids with D. californica; those with sub-biseriate seeds most likely resulted from crossing with D. pinnata, and the origin of forms with somewhat subappressed fruits almost certainly involved D. incana. The recognition of glandular versus eglandular forms as distinct varieties or subspecies is completely artificial. The lectotype (Fendler 29, GH) and isolectotype (MO) are eglandular; a syntype (Fendler 31, MO) is densely glandular. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 528. | FNA vol. 7, p. 523. | ||||
Parent taxa | Brassicaceae > tribe Descurainieae > Descurainia | Brassicaceae > tribe Descurainieae > Descurainia | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium sophia, Hesperis sophia, Sisymbrium parviflorum, Sophia parviflora | Sisymbrium incisum | ||||
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 55(III,2): 192. (1891) | (Engelmann ex A. Gray) Britton: Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 5: 173. (1894) | ||||
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