Descurainia sophia |
Descurainia incana |
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fine-leaf tansy-mustard, fixweed, flixweed, flixweed tansymustard, herb sophia, not much flower, tansy mustard |
grey tansy-mustard, mountain tansy-mustard, Richardson's tansy mustard |
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Habit | Annuals; eglandular; sparsely to densely pubescent, sometimes glabrous distally, trichomes dendritic. | Biennials; usually eglandular, rarely glandular; finely pubescent, sometimes canescent, trichomes dendritic. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched distally, (1–)2–7(–10) dm. |
erect, unbranched basally, often many-branched distally, (1.5–)2.5–12 dm. |
Basal leaves | petiole 0.1–2(–3) cm; blade 2- or 3-pinnate, ovate or oblong to obovate in outline, to 15 cm, lateral lobes linear or oblong, (to 10 × 2 mm), margins entire. |
petiole 1–3.5(–5.5) cm; blade pinnatifid, broadly lanceolate to oblanceolate or obovate in outline, 1.5–10(–13) cm, lateral lobes linear to oblong or narrowly lanceolate, [3–10(–15) × 1–3(–5) mm], margins entire. |
Cauline leaves | sessile or shortly petiolate; blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces often glabrous. |
sessile or shortly petiolate; blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower. |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals erect to ascending, yellowish, oblong, 1.8–2.8 mm, glabrate to sparsely pubescent; petals narrowly oblanceolate, 2–3 × 0.4–0.6 mm; median filaments 2–3 mm; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm. |
sepals erect, yellowish, oblong, 1–1.8 mm, sparsely pubescent; petals oblanceolate, 1.2–2 × 0.3–0.6 mm; median filaments 1.4–2 mm; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, straight, (5–)8–15(–20) mm. |
erect to erect-ascending, straight, 2–8(–11) mm. |
Fruits | divaricate-ascending to erect, narrowly linear, torulose, (12–)15–27(–30) × 0.5–0.8(–1) mm, (straight or curved upward); valves each with distinct midvein; septum with a broad central longitudinal band appearing as 2 or 3 veins; ovules 20–48 per ovary; style obsolete, 0.05–0.2 mm, glabrous. |
erect, (often strictly appressed to rachis), linear, slightly torulose, (4–)5–10(–15) × 0.7–1.2(–1.5) mm, (acute at both ends); valves each with distinct midvein; septum often with distinct midvein; ovules 14–22 per ovary; style 0.1–0.4 mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | uniseriate, reddish brown, oblong, 0.7–1.3 × 0.3–0.6 mm. |
uniseriate, reddish brown, ellipsoid to narrowly oblong, 0.8–1.2 × 0.4–0.5 mm. |
2n | = 28. |
= 14, 28. |
Descurainia sophia |
Descurainia incana |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering May–Sep. |
Habitat | Roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, railroad embankments, hillsides, mountain slopes, canyon bottoms, stream banks, fields, lawns, pastures, deserts, sagebrush and pinyon-juniper communities | Alpine and subalpine areas, gravel and sand bars, scree, grassy slopes, prairies, steep rocky slopes, roadsides, disturbed sites, waste grounds, meadows, spruce-fir, pine, aspen, or sagebrush communities |
Elevation | 0-3000 m [0-9800 ft] | 100-3500 m [300-11500 ft] |
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, South Africa, Australia]
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AK; CA; CO; ID; ME; MN; MT; ND; NM; NV; SD; UT; WY; AB; BC; MB; NT; NU; ON; QC; SK; YT
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Discussion | Deviant chromosome counts (e.g., 2n = 12, 14, 20, 38; see R. C. Rollins 1993, N. H. Holmgren 2005b, S. I. Warwick and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 2006) are most certainly erroneous, and the species appears to be exclusively tetraploid based on x = 7. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Descurainia incana is a distinctive species readily separated from the other North American taxa of the genus by having fruits and fruiting bases strictly appressed to rachises, and septums with a distinct midvein. Collections identified as such, but with fruits and pedicels not or only weakly appressed to the rachis, most likely represent hybrids between this species and others. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 528. | FNA vol. 7, p. 522. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium sophia, Hesperis sophia, Sisymbrium parviflorum, Sophia parviflora | Sisymbrium incanum, D. incana var. brevipes, D. incana var. macrosperma, D. incana var. major, D. incana subsp. procera, D. richardsonii var. alpestris, D. richardsonii var. brevipes, D. richardsonii var. macrosperma, D. richardsonii subsp. procera, D. richardsonii var. procera, Sisymbrium canescens var. alpestre, Sisymbrium canescens var. brevipes, Sisymbrium canescens var. major, Sisymbrium procerum, Sophia brevipes, Sophia procera |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 55(III,2): 192. (1891) | (Bernhardi ex Fischer & C. A. Meyer) Dorn: Vasc. Pl. Wyoming, 296. (1988) |
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