Descurainia sophia |
Descurainia californica |
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fine-leaf tansy-mustard, fixweed, flixweed, flixweed tansymustard, herb sophia, not much flower, tansy mustard |
California tansymustard, Sierra tansy mustard |
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Habit | Annuals; eglandular; sparsely to densely pubescent, sometimes glabrous distally, trichomes dendritic. | Annuals or biennials; eglandular; usually pubescent, trichomes dendritic, sometimes glabrous distally. |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched distally, (1–)2–7(–10) dm. |
erect, unbranched basally, branched distally, (1.3–)2–10.5(–13.5) dm. |
Basal leaves | petiole 0.1–2(–3) cm; blade 2- or 3-pinnate, ovate or oblong to obovate in outline, to 15 cm, lateral lobes linear or oblong, (to 10 × 2 mm), margins entire. |
petiole 0.4–4.2 cm; blade pinnate, oblanceolate to obovate in outline, 1.5–6 cm, lateral lobes [2–4 (or 5) pairs], lanceolate, (5–22 × 1–5 mm), margins usually entire or crenate to incised, rarely lobed. |
Cauline leaves | sessile or shortly petiolate; blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces often glabrous. |
sessile or shortly petiolate; blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces sparsely pubescent. |
Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
considerably elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals erect to ascending, yellowish, oblong, 1.8–2.8 mm, glabrate to sparsely pubescent; petals narrowly oblanceolate, 2–3 × 0.4–0.6 mm; median filaments 2–3 mm; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm. |
sepals spreading, yellowish, oblong, 0.9–1.5 mm, glabrous; petals oblanceolate, 1.1–1.8 × 0.4–0.6 mm; median filaments 0.8–1.4 mm; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, straight, (5–)8–15(–20) mm. |
divaricate to ascending or suberect, often straight, 3–9(–11) mm. |
Fruits | divaricate-ascending to erect, narrowly linear, torulose, (12–)15–27(–30) × 0.5–0.8(–1) mm, (straight or curved upward); valves each with distinct midvein; septum with a broad central longitudinal band appearing as 2 or 3 veins; ovules 20–48 per ovary; style obsolete, 0.05–0.2 mm, glabrous. |
divaricate to erect, fusiform, not torulose, (2–)3–5(–6) × (0.8–)1–1.3 mm, (long-acute at both ends); valves each with obscure midvein; septum not veined; ovules 4–12 per ovary; style (0.2–)0.3–0.6(–0.8) mm, glabrous. |
Seeds | uniseriate, reddish brown, oblong, 0.7–1.3 × 0.3–0.6 mm. |
uniseriate, light brown, ellipsoid, 1–1.4 × 0.6–0.8 mm. |
2n | = 28. |
= 14. |
Descurainia sophia |
Descurainia californica |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | Flowering Jun–Aug. |
Habitat | Roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, railroad embankments, hillsides, mountain slopes, canyon bottoms, stream banks, fields, lawns, pastures, deserts, sagebrush and pinyon-juniper communities | Disturbed areas in pinyon-juniper, dry hillsides, decomposed granite slopes, sagebrush, moist roadsides, open woods, fir-spruce or aspen communities, gravel and talus slopes |
Elevation | 0-3000 m [0-9800 ft] | 1700-3400 m [5600-11200 ft] |
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, South Africa, Australia]
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AZ; CA; CO; NM; NV; OR; UT; WY
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Discussion | Deviant chromosome counts (e.g., 2n = 12, 14, 20, 38; see R. C. Rollins 1993, N. H. Holmgren 2005b, S. I. Warwick and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 2006) are most certainly erroneous, and the species appears to be exclusively tetraploid based on x = 7. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 528. | FNA vol. 7, p. 521. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium sophia, Hesperis sophia, Sisymbrium parviflorum, Sophia parviflora | Smelowskia californica, Sisymbrium californicum, Sophia leptostylis |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 55(III,2): 192. (1891) | (A. Gray) O. E. Schulz: in H. G. A. Engler, Pflanzenr. 86[IV,105]: 330. (1924) |
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