Descurainia sophia |
Brassicaceae tribe Descurainieae |
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fine-leaf tansy-mustard, fixweed, flixweed, flixweed tansymustard, herb sophia, not much flower, tansy mustard |
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Habit | Annuals; eglandular; sparsely to densely pubescent, sometimes glabrous distally, trichomes dendritic. | Annuals or perennials [shrubs]; glandular or eglandular (glands unicellular papillae). |
Stems | erect, unbranched or branched distally, (1–)2–7(–10) dm. |
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Basal leaves | petiole 0.1–2(–3) cm; blade 2- or 3-pinnate, ovate or oblong to obovate in outline, to 15 cm, lateral lobes linear or oblong, (to 10 × 2 mm), margins entire. |
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Cauline leaves | sessile or shortly petiolate; blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces often glabrous. |
usually petiolate, sometimes sessile; blade base not auriculate, margins usually pinnatisect or dentate, sometimes entire. |
Trichomes | stalked, dendritic or forked, sometimes simple, rarely absent. |
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Racemes | considerably elongated in fruit. |
ebracteate or bracteate, often elongated in fruit. |
Flowers | sepals erect to ascending, yellowish, oblong, 1.8–2.8 mm, glabrate to sparsely pubescent; petals narrowly oblanceolate, 2–3 × 0.4–0.6 mm; median filaments 2–3 mm; anthers 0.3–0.4 mm. |
actinomorphic; sepals erect, ascending, spreading, or reflexed, lateral pair not saccate basally; petals usually yellow, sometimes white [pink or purple], claw usually present, sometimes absent, often obscure, obsolete, or distinct; filaments unappendaged, not winged; pollen 3-colpate. |
Fruiting pedicels | divaricate to ascending, straight, (5–)8–15(–20) mm. |
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Fruits | divaricate-ascending to erect, narrowly linear, torulose, (12–)15–27(–30) × 0.5–0.8(–1) mm, (straight or curved upward); valves each with distinct midvein; septum with a broad central longitudinal band appearing as 2 or 3 veins; ovules 20–48 per ovary; style obsolete, 0.05–0.2 mm, glabrous. |
silicles or siliques, dehiscent, unsegmented, terete or angustiseptate; ovules 4–100[–numerous] per ovary; style usually distinct, sometimes obsolete or absent; stigma entire. |
Seeds | uniseriate, reddish brown, oblong, 0.7–1.3 × 0.3–0.6 mm. |
usually biseriate or uniseriate (rarely 4-seriate in Tropidocarpum); cotyledons usually incumbent, rarely accumbent. |
2n | = 28. |
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Descurainia sophia |
Brassicaceae tribe Descurainieae |
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Phenology | Flowering Mar–Jul. | |
Habitat | Roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, railroad embankments, hillsides, mountain slopes, canyon bottoms, stream banks, fields, lawns, pastures, deserts, sagebrush and pinyon-juniper communities | |
Elevation | 0-3000 m [0-9800 ft] | |
Distribution |
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, South Africa, Australia]
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North America; Mexico; South America; Europe; Asia; n Africa; Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands) |
Discussion | Deviant chromosome counts (e.g., 2n = 12, 14, 20, 38; see R. C. Rollins 1993, N. H. Holmgren 2005b, S. I. Warwick and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 2006) are most certainly erroneous, and the species appears to be exclusively tetraploid based on x = 7. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Genera 6, species ca. 60 (3 genera, 18 species in the flora). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 7, p. 528. | FNA vol. 7, p. 517. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Subordinate taxa | ||
Synonyms | Sisymbrium sophia, Hesperis sophia, Sisymbrium parviflorum, Sophia parviflora | |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 55(III,2): 192. (1891) | Al-Shehbaz: Pl. Syst. Evol. 259: 111. (2006) |
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