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fine-leaf tansy-mustard, fixweed, flixweed, flixweed tansymustard, herb sophia, not much flower, tansy mustard

Habit Annuals; eglandular; sparsely to densely pubescent, sometimes glabrous distally, trichomes dendritic. Annuals or perennials [shrubs]; glandular or eglandular (glands unicellular papillae).
Stems

erect, unbranched or branched distally, (1–)2–7(–10) dm.

Basal leaves

petiole 0.1–2(–3) cm;

blade 2- or 3-pinnate, ovate or oblong to obovate in outline, to 15 cm, lateral lobes linear or oblong, (to 10 × 2 mm), margins entire.

Cauline leaves

sessile or shortly petiolate;

blade smaller distally, distal lobes often narrower, surfaces often glabrous.

usually petiolate, sometimes sessile;

blade base not auriculate, margins usually pinnatisect or dentate, sometimes entire.

Trichomes

stalked, dendritic or forked, sometimes simple, rarely absent.

Racemes

considerably elongated in fruit.

ebracteate or bracteate, often elongated in fruit.

Flowers

sepals erect to ascending, yellowish, oblong, 1.8–2.8 mm, glabrate to sparsely pubescent;

petals narrowly oblanceolate, 2–3 × 0.4–0.6 mm;

median filaments 2–3 mm;

anthers 0.3–0.4 mm.

actinomorphic;

sepals erect, ascending, spreading, or reflexed, lateral pair not saccate basally;

petals usually yellow, sometimes white [pink or purple], claw usually present, sometimes absent, often obscure, obsolete, or distinct;

filaments unappendaged, not winged;

pollen 3-colpate.

Fruiting pedicels

divaricate to ascending, straight, (5–)8–15(–20) mm.

Fruits

divaricate-ascending to erect, narrowly linear, torulose, (12–)15–27(–30) × 0.5–0.8(–1) mm, (straight or curved upward);

valves each with distinct midvein;

septum with a broad central longitudinal band appearing as 2 or 3 veins;

ovules 20–48 per ovary;

style obsolete, 0.05–0.2 mm, glabrous.

silicles or siliques, dehiscent, unsegmented, terete or angustiseptate;

ovules 4–100[–numerous] per ovary;

style usually distinct, sometimes obsolete or absent;

stigma entire.

Seeds

uniseriate, reddish brown, oblong, 0.7–1.3 × 0.3–0.6 mm.

usually biseriate or uniseriate (rarely 4-seriate in Tropidocarpum);

cotyledons usually incumbent, rarely accumbent.

2n

= 28.

Descurainia sophia

Brassicaceae tribe Descurainieae

Phenology Flowering Mar–Jul.
Habitat Roadsides, waste places, disturbed sites, railroad embankments, hillsides, mountain slopes, canyon bottoms, stream banks, fields, lawns, pastures, deserts, sagebrush and pinyon-juniper communities
Elevation 0-3000 m [0-9800 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
AK; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; ME; MI; MN; MO; MT; NC; ND; NE; NH; NM; NV; NY; OK; OR; PA; RI; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; WY; AB; BC; MB; NB; NF; NS; NT; ON; PE; QC; SK; YT; Eurasia [Introduced in North America; introduced also in Mexico, Central America, South America, South Africa, Australia]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
North America; Mexico; South America; Europe; Asia; n Africa; Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands)
Discussion

Deviant chromosome counts (e.g., 2n = 12, 14, 20, 38; see R. C. Rollins 1993, N. H. Holmgren 2005b, S. I. Warwick and I. A. Al-Shehbaz 2006) are most certainly erroneous, and the species appears to be exclusively tetraploid based on x = 7.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Genera 6, species ca. 60 (3 genera, 18 species in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 7, p. 528. FNA vol. 7, p. 517.
Parent taxa Brassicaceae > tribe Descurainieae > Descurainia Brassicaceae
Sibling taxa
D. adenophora, D. brevisiliqua, D. californica, D. incana, D. incisa, D. kenheilii, D. longepedicellata, D. nelsonii, D. obtusa, D. paradisa, D. pinnata, D. sophioides, D. torulosa
Subordinate taxa
Synonyms Sisymbrium sophia, Hesperis sophia, Sisymbrium parviflorum, Sophia parviflora
Name authority (Linnaeus) Webb ex Prantl: in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 55(III,2): 192. (1891) Al-Shehbaz: Pl. Syst. Evol. 259: 111. (2006)
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