Dendroalsia abietina
Cryphaeaceae
dendroalsia moss, plume moss
leaves distinctly 5-ranked along stem, broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate, ± plicate, 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm;
base slightly decurrent;
margins entire at base, usually dentate towards apex;
apex acute to acuminate;
costa strong, subpercurrent, percurrent, or barely excurrent, occasionally sinuate, increasingly dentate distally;
basal laminal cells roughly isodiametric, walls incrassate, region filling basal angle of leaves;
medial cells more linear than apical cells, 10–25 × 5–6 µm, walls incrassate;
apical cells isodiametric to oval-rhombic, often prorate, walls incrassate.
irregularly branched or sympodial;
primary stems creeping, branches spreading to pendent;
secondary stems erect-ascending or rarely pendent, not or little branched, branches short to elongate, terete-foliate, simple or branched;
paraphyllia and pseudoparaphyllia absent or present.
10–12(–25) cm, densely foliate, distally pinnate to 2-pinnate and frondiform, more rarely nearly dendroid, circinate and curling downward when dry, opening and orthotropic when moist, proximally stipitate;
lateral or tertiary branches common, ± equal, often bearing smaller (less than 10 mm) quaternary branchlets;
paraphyllia many throughout stem, multiform, seriate or multiseriate to narrowly subulate, often branching;
pseudoparaphyllia investing branch buds, subulate, deltate, or subfoliose, irregularly dentate;
rhizoids many throughout stem.
spirally inserted, imbricate, spreading when moist, ovate-acuminate, concave;
margins entire or sometimes serrate distally;
apex usually acute;
costa single;
alar cells rounded to quadrate;
medial laminal cells rhomboidal to fusiform, smooth to prorulose.
similar, usually smaller, narrower.
brown, 0.7–2(–3) mm, straight.
single, very short or barely exceeding perichaetial leaves.
autoicous or dioicous;
perigonia axillary, gemmiform;
perichaetia lateral or terminal on branches, gemmiform.
erect-symmetric, barely exserted, brown to red-brown, oblong-ovoid to ovoid, 2–2.5 × 1 mm, plicate when dry;
operculum conic-rostrate;
exostome teeth 16, white, to 0.6 mm, trabeculate, coarsely papillose distally, less so proximally;
endostome basal membrane low, segments persistent, white, as long as exostome teeth, narrowly subulate, slightly carinate, basally connate, cilia absent.
erect, immersed to barely exserted, symmetric;
stomata few, proximal;
annulus revoluble;
operculum conic-rostrate to obliquely rostrate;
peristome usually double, (pale);
exostome teeth 16, papillose;
endostome usually rudimentary, segments 16, linear, or absent, cilia absent.
mitrate or occasionally cucullate, smooth or papillose.
spheric, 15–25 µm, papillose, pale brown.
spheric, granular to papillose or sometimes smooth.
stems to 10–15 cm, tightly adhering to substrate, stoloniform, densely rhizoidal.
to 2 mm, leaves deltoid-apiculate to lanceolate-apiculate.
borne ventrally, on secondary or occasionally tertiary stems, leaves short-deltoid to deltoid-apiculate or longer, sheathing, truncate-apiculate, to 2.5 mm.
Dendroalsia abietina
Cryphaeaceae
Dendroalsia abietina is an important component of the bryoflora of western North America. Its primary range extends from the Channel Islands and Los Angeles County northward throughout cismontane California, Oregon, and Washington, to Vancouver Island (Georgia Straits) and southwestern British Columbia mostly south of 50˚ north latitude. Southern and northern disjuncts occur on Cedros and Guadalupe islands off the western coast of Baja California, and on Baranof Island near Sitka, Alaska, respectively. Transmontane disjuncts have been reported in some perennially mesic microhabitats, such as cold air traps in Lava Beds National Monument, California, and in the cedar-hemlock-larch ecozone of northern Idaho, northwestern Montana, and southeastern British Columbia (the so-called interior wet zone, an area noted for many maritime disjuncts). Dendroalsia abietina is one of the most common epiphytes throughout its primary range. It is often the dominant epiphyte on Arbutus, Chrysolepis, Lithocarpus, and Quercus bark, covering the entire trunk and leaving little space for competition. Although in southern California D. abietina has been reported as common along the coast, throughout most of its range it usually grows away from the maritime spray zone and more abundantly away from the first coastal ridges inland (D. H. Norris and J. R. Shevock 2004). The species becomes extremely common in the Inner Coast Range and the oak woodlands of Sacramento Valley, southern Oregon, and Willamette Valley.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Genera 8–10, species ca. 70 (3 genera, 6 species in the flora).
Cryphaeaceae are distinguished by the combination of creeping primary stems with firm spreading-erect branches, leaves with one costa, mostly immersed capsules, corticolous habitat, dull aspect, and pale peristome. Vegetative leaves of many species of this family are very similar. Cryphaeaceae, as treated here, comprise only Cryphaea, Dendroalsia, and Schoenobryum. Several closely related genera in the family occur outside of the flora area (H. Akiyama 1990; M. G. Manuel 1981). Other genera of the flora area (for example, Alsia, Forsstroemia) have been included in the concept of Cryphaeaceae by various authors, (M. R. Crosby and R. E. Magill 1981), but are here assigned to other families: Alsia to Leucodontaceae and Forsstroemia to Leptodontaceae.
(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
1. Capsules barely exserted; setae emergent from perichaetial leaves; paraphyllia and pseudo- paraphyllia present; sexual condition dioicous. | Dendroalsia |
1. Capsules immersed; setae very short; paraphyllia and pseudoparaphyllia absent; sexual condition autoicous | → 2 |
2. Perichaetia lateral; peristome double (single in C. ravenelii). | Cryphaea |
2. Perichaetia terminal; peristome single. | Schoenobryum |
BC
CalFlora
Flora NW
PNW Herbaria
WildflowerSearch
iNaturalist
USDA Plants Database
