Delphinium trolliifolium |
Delphinium xantholeucum |
|
---|---|---|
Columbian larkspur, cow-poison, poison delphinium, poison larkspur |
yellow-white larkspur |
|
Stems | (40-)60-120(-180) cm; base usually reddish, glabrous to puberulent. |
40-60(-100) cm; base often reddish, glabrous, ± glaucous. |
Leaves | blade ± pentagonal, 4-8 × 7-16 cm, margins ± incised, nearly glabrous; ultimate lobes 0-9, width 15-30 mm (basal), 5-20 mm (cauline), widest at middle or in proximal 1/2. |
blade round, 2-6 × 4-10 cm, nearly glabrous; ultimate lobes 3-15, width 3-8 mm (basal), 1-5 mm (cauline). |
Inflorescences | (5-)14-40(-75)-flowered, ± open, at least 2 times longer than wide; pedicel 1-4(-9) cm, puberulent to glabrous; bracteoles (2-)6-12 mm from flowers, green, linear, 5-9(-14) mm, puberulent. |
10-20(-60)-flowered, narrowly pyramidal; pedicel spreading, yellowish, 1.5-3 cm, ± glandular-puberulent; bracteoles 6-12 mm from flowers, green to light brown, linear to lanceolate, 4-7 mm, nearly glabrous. |
Flowers | sepals dark blue, glabrous, lateral sepals spreading, (8-)14-21 × 5-9 mm, spurs straight or downcurved at apex, within 20° of horizontal, (10-)16-23 mm; lower petal blades covering stamens, 5-10 mm, clefts 1.5-3 mm; hairs sparse, mostly near junction of blade and claw, centered or on inner lobes, well dispersed, yellow. |
sepals yellow, glabrous, lateral sepals reflexed, 9-12 × 3-5 mm, spurs straight, ascending ca. 45° above horizontal, 11-15 mm; lower petal blades elevated, exposing stamens, 3-5 mm, clefts 1-2 mm; hairs centered mostly on inner lobes near base of cleft, white. |
Fruits | (15-)23-34 mm, 3.8-5.5 times longer than wide, glabrous. |
15-22 mm, 3-4 times longer than wide, glabrous to glandular-puberulent. |
Seeds | unwinged; seed coats smooth. |
seed coat cells narrow, short, cell margins straight, surfaces smooth. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Delphinium trolliifolium |
Delphinium xantholeucum |
|
Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering spring. |
Habitat | Oak woods, coastal chaparral, wet woodlands | Slopes in open yellow pine forests, grasslands, sage scrub |
Elevation | 30-1100 m (100-3600 ft) | 150-600 m (500-2000 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
|
WA
|
Discussion | Delphinium trolliifolium occurs in the northern Coast Range of California, the Columbia River Valley to just east of Mt. Hood, and the Willamette Valley of Oregon upstream to Lane County. California plants differ somewhat from Oregon plants in pubescence patterns and habitat preferences. Further study may show that two entities are involved here. Hybrids between Delphinium trolliifolium and D. decorum, D. menziesii subsp. pallidum (D. ×pavonaceum Ewan, Peacock larkspur), D. nudicaule, D. nuttallianum, and D. nuttallii are known. Delphinium trolliifolium is likely to be confused only with D. bakeri. Refer to discussion under that species for differences. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Delphinium xantholeucum is very local; much of the habitat of this species has been converted to orchards. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Delphinium > sect. Diedropetala > subsect. Grumosa | Ranunculaceae > Delphinium > sect. Diedropetala > subsect. Subscaposa |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 375. (1872) | Piper: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 11: 280. (1906) |
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