Delphinium trolliifolium |
Delphinium nuttallii |
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Columbian larkspur, cow-poison, poison delphinium, poison larkspur |
Nuttall's larkspur, upland larkspur |
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Stems | (40-)60-120(-180) cm; base usually reddish, glabrous to puberulent. |
20-60(-90) cm; base usually reddish, pubescent. |
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Leaves | blade ± pentagonal, 4-8 × 7-16 cm, margins ± incised, nearly glabrous; ultimate lobes 0-9, width 15-30 mm (basal), 5-20 mm (cauline), widest at middle or in proximal 1/2. |
blade round to reniform, 2-8 × 3-14 cm, pubescent; ultimate lobes 5-18, width 4-7 mm (basal), 1-5 mm (cauline), widest at middle or in proximal 1/2. |
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Inflorescences | (5-)14-40(-75)-flowered, ± open, at least 2 times longer than wide; pedicel 1-4(-9) cm, puberulent to glabrous; bracteoles (2-)6-12 mm from flowers, green, linear, 5-9(-14) mm, puberulent. |
5-25(-40)-flowered, at least 2 times longer than wide; pedicel 1.5-4(-9) cm, puberulent; bracteoles 2-3 mm from flowers, green, linear, 4-6 mm, puberulent. |
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Flowers | sepals dark blue, glabrous, lateral sepals spreading, (8-)14-21 × 5-9 mm, spurs straight or downcurved at apex, within 20° of horizontal, (10-)16-23 mm; lower petal blades covering stamens, 5-10 mm, clefts 1.5-3 mm; hairs sparse, mostly near junction of blade and claw, centered or on inner lobes, well dispersed, yellow. |
sepals bluish purple to yellowish, (± drab), often partly fading upon drying, puberulent, lateral sepals ± spreading, 8-11 × 3-6 mm, spurs straight, slightly ascending, 9-13 mm; lower petal blades ± covering stamens, 4-6 mm, clefts 0.5-2 mm; hairs well dispersed, mostly near margins and base of cleft, white to yellow or blue. |
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Fruits | (15-)23-34 mm, 3.8-5.5 times longer than wide, glabrous. |
10-14(-18) mm, 3.5-4 times longer than wide, pubescent. |
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Seeds | unwinged; seed coats smooth. |
wing-margined; seed coat cell surfaces smooth. |
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2n | = 16. |
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Delphinium trolliifolium |
Delphinium nuttallii |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | |||||
Habitat | Oak woods, coastal chaparral, wet woodlands | |||||
Elevation | 30-1100 m (100-3600 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
CA; OR
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OR; WA
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Discussion | Delphinium trolliifolium occurs in the northern Coast Range of California, the Columbia River Valley to just east of Mt. Hood, and the Willamette Valley of Oregon upstream to Lane County. California plants differ somewhat from Oregon plants in pubescence patterns and habitat preferences. Further study may show that two entities are involved here. Hybrids between Delphinium trolliifolium and D. decorum, D. menziesii subsp. pallidum (D. ×pavonaceum Ewan, Peacock larkspur), D. nudicaule, D. nuttallianum, and D. nuttallii are known. Delphinium trolliifolium is likely to be confused only with D. bakeri. Refer to discussion under that species for differences. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Delphinium nuttallii has often been confused with D. menziesii; it may be distinguished by consistently smaller flowers and usually more flowers per plant than in the latter. Interestingly, each species produces both blue-purple and yellowish flower colors, in separate populations. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. | ||||
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Delphinium > sect. Diedropetala > subsect. Grumosa | Ranunculaceae > Delphinium > sect. Diedropetala > subsect. Grumosa | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 375. (1872) | A. Gray: Bot. Gaz. 12: 54. (1887) | ||||
Web links |