Delphinium trolliifolium |
Delphinium distichum |
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Columbian larkspur, cow-poison, poison delphinium, poison larkspur |
Burke's larkspur, meadow larkspur, strict larkspur, two-spike larkspur |
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Stems | (40-)60-120(-180) cm; base usually reddish, glabrous to puberulent. |
(25-)30-60(-80) cm; base sometimes reddish, puberulent. |
Leaves | blade ± pentagonal, 4-8 × 7-16 cm, margins ± incised, nearly glabrous; ultimate lobes 0-9, width 15-30 mm (basal), 5-20 mm (cauline), widest at middle or in proximal 1/2. |
blade cuneate to semicircular, 1-5 × 1.5-7 cm, puberulent; ultimate lobes 5-19, width 2-8(-15) mm (basal), 0.5-3(-5) mm (cauline); margins of basal leaf, measured less than 1 cm from blade base, demarcating considerably more than 90° of arc when leaf laid flat; most cauline leaf blades exceeding internodes. |
Inflorescences | (5-)14-40(-75)-flowered, ± open, at least 2 times longer than wide; pedicel 1-4(-9) cm, puberulent to glabrous; bracteoles (2-)6-12 mm from flowers, green, linear, 5-9(-14) mm, puberulent. |
8-30(-40)-flowered, usually dense; pedicel 0.5-1.5 cm, puberulent; bracteoles 0-3 mm from flowers, green to blue, linear, 4-8 mm, puberulent. |
Flowers | sepals dark blue, glabrous, lateral sepals spreading, (8-)14-21 × 5-9 mm, spurs straight or downcurved at apex, within 20° of horizontal, (10-)16-23 mm; lower petal blades covering stamens, 5-10 mm, clefts 1.5-3 mm; hairs sparse, mostly near junction of blade and claw, centered or on inner lobes, well dispersed, yellow. |
sepals dark blue to bluish purple, puberulent, lateral sepals ± erect, 8-12 × 3.5-5 mm, spurs straight, horizontal or nearly so, 9-15 mm; lower petal blades ± covering stamens, 4.5-6.5 mm, clefts 2-3 mm; hairs centered mostly near base of cleft, white. |
Fruits | (15-)23-34 mm, 3.8-5.5 times longer than wide, glabrous. |
7-13 mm, 3.5-4 times longer than wide, ± puberulent. |
Seeds | unwinged; seed coats smooth. |
seed coat cells with surfaces roughened. |
2n | = 16. |
= 16. |
Delphinium trolliifolium |
Delphinium distichum |
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Phenology | Flowering spring. | Flowering late spring–early summer. |
Habitat | Oak woods, coastal chaparral, wet woodlands | Wet meadows |
Elevation | 30-1100 m (100-3600 ft) | 100-2400 m (300-7900 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; OR
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ID; MT; OR; WA; WY; BC
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Discussion | Delphinium trolliifolium occurs in the northern Coast Range of California, the Columbia River Valley to just east of Mt. Hood, and the Willamette Valley of Oregon upstream to Lane County. California plants differ somewhat from Oregon plants in pubescence patterns and habitat preferences. Further study may show that two entities are involved here. Hybrids between Delphinium trolliifolium and D. decorum, D. menziesii subsp. pallidum (D. ×pavonaceum Ewan, Peacock larkspur), D. nudicaule, D. nuttallianum, and D. nuttallii are known. Delphinium trolliifolium is likely to be confused only with D. bakeri. Refer to discussion under that species for differences. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Delphinium distichum hybridizes with D. multiplex and D. nuttallianum (D. ×diversicolor Rydberg). The name D. burkei has often been misapplied to D. distichum. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 3. | FNA vol. 3. |
Parent taxa | Ranunculaceae > Delphinium > sect. Diedropetala > subsect. Grumosa | Ranunculaceae > Delphinium > sect. Diedropetala > subsect. Depauperata |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | D. strictum var. distichiflorum | |
Name authority | A. Gray: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 8: 375. (1872) | Geyer ex Hooker: J. Bot. 6: 68. (1847) |
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