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February daphne, mezereon, paradise-plant

daphne, mezereon, spurge-laurel

Habit Shrubs to 1 m; branches glabrescent. Shrubs, deciduous or evergreen, to 1.5 m. Stems erect, procumbent, or prostrate, branched, not jointed, thick, glabrous or glabrescent.
Leaves

deciduous, sessile;

blade oblong to lanceolate, 3–8 × 1–2.5 cm, membranous, adaxial surface matte.

clustered distally, sessile or subsessile;

blade obovate or oblong to lanceolate, surfaces glabrous or hairy.

Inflorescences

2–4-flowered.

terminal or axillary, capitate, fasciculate, or racemose, flowers sessile [petiolate];

bracts 0.

Flowers

fragrant, sessile, appearing before leaves, clustered in axils of previous year’s growth;

hypanthium pink, red, or white, tubular, 5–8 mm, sericeous;

calyx lobes ovate or obtuse to rounded, 3–5 mm.

hypanthium tubular to narrowly funnelform;

calyx 4-lobed, lobes spreading or slightly reflexed;

petals absent;

stamens 8, usually included, in distal 1/2 of tube;

style included, short or absent;

stigma capitate.

Fruits

drupaceous, yellow, red, or black, fleshy, hypanthium not persistent.

Drupes

red or yellow.

2n

= 18.

Daphne mezereum

Daphne

Phenology Flowering summer (Jun–Aug).
Habitat Cool, damp woods, especially on limestone
Elevation 0–300 m (0–1000 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AK; CT; MA; ME; MI; MT; NH; NY; OH; RI; VT; BC; NB; NS; ON; PE; QC; Europe; w Asia; c Asia [Introduced in North America]
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
s Europe; c Europe; n Africa; Asia; temperate and subtropical; widely cultivated in temperate areas [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Daphne mezereum was used in the herbal pharmacopoeia as a purgative. It contains daphnin and is highly poisonous.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species 70 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Leaves deciduous; branches glabrescent; leaf blades membranous, adaxial surface matte; hypanthia pink, red, or white; drupes red or yellow.
D. mezereum
1. Leaves persistent; branches glabrous; leaf blades coriaceous, adaxial surface shiny; hypanthia yellow-green or yellow; drupes black.
D. laureola
Source FNA vol. 6, p. 385. FNA vol. 6, p. 384. Authors: Lorin I. Nevling Jr., Kerry Barringer.
Parent taxa Thymelaeaceae > Daphne Thymelaeaceae
Sibling taxa
D. laureola
Subordinate taxa
D. laureola, D. mezereum
Name authority Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 356. (1753) Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 356. (1753): Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 167. (1754)
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