FNA: Dalea jamesii vs. Dalea frutescens

	Dalea jamesii	Dalea frutescens
	James' dalea, James' prairie clover	black dalea, black prairie clover
Habit		Shrubs, highly branched, glabrous proximal to inflorescences.
Stems	0.4–1.7(–2) dm, eglandular.	3–8(–12) dm, glandular-tuberculate distally.
Inflorescences	spikes, relatively densely flowered, not obviously involucrate, (16–)18–23(–25) mm diam.; axis not to partially visible, 1.5–6.5(–8) cm; bracts deciduous at anthesis, (4–)5–8(–9) mm.	spikes, densely or loosely flowered, not involucrate, 8–11 mm diam.; axis usually not visible, 0.2–2.5 cm; bracts deciduous, 2.2–3.4(–4.5) mm.
Peduncles	absent or very short.	0.2–4.5(–5) cm.
Stamens	10, (9.5–)10–11.7 mm, filaments distinct to 1.7–3 mm, anthers (0.8–)0.9–1.2 mm.	10, 6.8–8.2 mm, filaments distinct to 1.8–2.7 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm.
Corollas	clear yellow, orangish brown in age; papilionaceous; banner 5.2–6.2 mm, blade deltate-cordate, 3.2–4.2 × 3.2–4.4 mm, proximal lobes connate, forming obconic pit; epistemonous petals attached proximal to middle of stamen tube; wings 3.9–5.1 × 2.3–3.2 mm; keel connate valvately, blades 5.3–6.3 × 3.2–3.8 mm.	usually bicolored, rarely all white, banner whitish with yellowish eye, reddish in age, epistemonous petals vivid pink-purple; papilionaceous; banner 5.1–6.2 mm, blade ovate-cordate, 3.2–4.2 × 3.4–4.6 mm, proximal lobes connate, forming obconic pit; epistemonous petals attached near or proximal to middle of stamen tube; wings 4.3–5.2 × 2.7–3 mm; keel connate valvately, blades (5–)5.3–6.5 × 3.3–3.9 mm.
Calyces	somewhat asymmetric, slightly recessed opposite banner, (8.3–)8.5–12(–13.3) mm, pilose; tube (2.4–)2.8–3.5 mm, with 3 or 4 small glands between ribs, lobes triangular-aristate.	subsymmetric, 3.8–4.2 mm, glabrous; tube 2.6–3.2(–3.5) mm, usually with 3–5(–7) glands between ribs, lobes broadly triangular to triangular-acuminate, unequal, abaxial longest.
Legumes	3.5–4 mm, distally with 2 rows of ascending hairs on either side of a glabrescent row, eglandular.	2.8–3.5 mm, glabrous or distally pilosulous, dotted with small glands distally.
Seeds	2.3–3 mm.	1.7–2.3 mm.
Perennial	herbs, erect to ascending, silky-pilose to -pilosulous.
Principal	leaves (0.6–)1–3(–4) cm; leaflets 3, blades obovate to broadly oblanceolate, (3–)5–18 mm, surfaces apparently eglandular.	leaves 1–2 cm; leaflets 9–19(or 21), blades obovate to broadly oblanceolate, 1.5–3.5(–5) mm.
2n	= 14.	= 14.

	Dalea jamesii	Dalea frutescens
Phenology	Flowering spring–early summer (fall).	Flowering late summer–fall (spring).
Habitat	Rocky grasslands, deserts, open pine or juniper woodlands.	Rocky ground, desert grasslands, scrub, open juniper or oak woodlands, often on limestone.
Elevation	900–2100 m. (3000–6900 ft.)	200–2300 m. (700–7500 ft.)
Distribution	AZ; CO; KS; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua) [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]	NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas) [WildflowerSearch map] [BONAP county map]
Discussion	Dalea jamesii occurs from far southwestern Kansas to southeastern Arizona. In Texas, the species occurs in the northern panhandle and trans-Pecos regions. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)	Dalea frutescens is reported to be palatable for livestock and to decline under grazing pressure. In Texas, the species is widespread away from the coastal areas and generally from the Edwards Plateau westward to the trans-Pecos region. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)
Source	FNA vol. 11.	FNA vol. 11.
Parent taxa	Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Dalea	Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Dalea
Sibling taxa	D. albiflora, D. aurea, D. bartonii, D. bicolor, D. brachystachys, D. cahaba, D. candida, D. carnea, D. carthagenensis, D. compacta, D. cylindriceps, D. emarginata, D. enneandra, D. exigua, D. exserta, D. feayi, D. filiformis, D. flavescens, D. foliosa, D. formosa, D. frutescens, D. gattingeri, D. grayi, D. greggii, D. hallii, D. lachnostachys, D. lanata, D. laniceps, D. lasiathera, D. leporina, D. lumholtzii, D. mollis, D. mollissima, D. multiflora, D. nana, D. neomexicana, D. obovata, D. ornata, D. phleoides, D. pinnata, D. pogonathera, D. polygonoides, D. pringlei, D. pulchra, D. purpurea, D. reverchonii, D. sabinalis, D. scandens, D. scariosa, D. searlsiae, D. tentaculoides, D. tenuifolia, D. tenuis, D. urceolata, D. versicolor, D. villosa, D. wrightii	D. albiflora, D. aurea, D. bartonii, D. bicolor, D. brachystachys, D. cahaba, D. candida, D. carnea, D. carthagenensis, D. compacta, D. cylindriceps, D. emarginata, D. enneandra, D. exigua, D. exserta, D. feayi, D. filiformis, D. flavescens, D. foliosa, D. formosa, D. gattingeri, D. grayi, D. greggii, D. hallii, D. jamesii, D. lachnostachys, D. lanata, D. laniceps, D. lasiathera, D. leporina, D. lumholtzii, D. mollis, D. mollissima, D. multiflora, D. nana, D. neomexicana, D. obovata, D. ornata, D. phleoides, D. pinnata, D. pogonathera, D. polygonoides, D. pringlei, D. pulchra, D. purpurea, D. reverchonii, D. sabinalis, D. scandens, D. scariosa, D. searlsiae, D. tentaculoides, D. tenuifolia, D. tenuis, D. urceolata, D. versicolor, D. villosa, D. wrightii
Synonyms	Psoralea jamesii
Name authority	(Torrey) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 308. (1838)	A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 175. (1850)
Web links	Local Web sites: KS Wildflowers WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search	WildflowerSearch iNaturalist (observations) USDA Plants Database LBJ Wildflower Center SEINet Plants of the World Online Encyclopedia of Life Wikipedia Google Image Search

Dalea frutescens

James' dalea, James' prairie clover

black dalea, black prairie clover

Habit

Shrubs, highly branched, glabrous proximal to inflorescences.

Stems

0.4–1.7(–2) dm, eglandular.

3–8(–12) dm, glandular-tuberculate distally.

Inflorescences

spikes, relatively densely flowered, not obviously involucrate, (16–)18–23(–25) mm diam.;

axis not to partially visible, 1.5–6.5(–8) cm;

bracts deciduous at anthesis, (4–)5–8(–9) mm.

spikes, densely or loosely flowered, not involucrate, 8–11 mm diam.;

axis usually not visible, 0.2–2.5 cm;

bracts deciduous, 2.2–3.4(–4.5) mm.

Peduncles

absent or very short.

0.2–4.5(–5) cm.

Stamens

10, (9.5–)10–11.7 mm, filaments distinct to 1.7–3 mm, anthers (0.8–)0.9–1.2 mm.

10, 6.8–8.2 mm, filaments distinct to 1.8–2.7 mm, anthers 0.5–0.8 mm.

Corollas

clear yellow, orangish brown in age; papilionaceous;

banner 5.2–6.2 mm, blade deltate-cordate, 3.2–4.2 × 3.2–4.4 mm, proximal lobes connate, forming obconic pit; epistemonous petals attached proximal to middle of stamen tube;

wings 3.9–5.1 × 2.3–3.2 mm;

keel connate valvately, blades 5.3–6.3 × 3.2–3.8 mm.

usually bicolored, rarely all white, banner whitish with yellowish eye, reddish in age, epistemonous petals vivid pink-purple; papilionaceous;

banner 5.1–6.2 mm, blade ovate-cordate, 3.2–4.2 × 3.4–4.6 mm, proximal lobes connate, forming obconic pit; epistemonous petals attached near or proximal to middle of stamen tube;

wings 4.3–5.2 × 2.7–3 mm;

keel connate valvately, blades (5–)5.3–6.5 × 3.3–3.9 mm.

Calyces

somewhat asymmetric, slightly recessed opposite banner, (8.3–)8.5–12(–13.3) mm, pilose;

tube (2.4–)2.8–3.5 mm, with 3 or 4 small glands between ribs, lobes triangular-aristate.

subsymmetric, 3.8–4.2 mm, glabrous;

tube 2.6–3.2(–3.5) mm, usually with 3–5(–7) glands between ribs, lobes broadly triangular to triangular-acuminate, unequal, abaxial longest.

Legumes

3.5–4 mm, distally with 2 rows of ascending hairs on either side of a glabrescent row, eglandular.

2.8–3.5 mm, glabrous or distally pilosulous, dotted with small glands distally.

Seeds

2.3–3 mm.

1.7–2.3 mm.

Perennial

herbs, erect to ascending, silky-pilose to -pilosulous.

Principal

leaves (0.6–)1–3(–4) cm;

leaflets 3, blades obovate to broadly oblanceolate, (3–)5–18 mm, surfaces apparently eglandular.

leaves 1–2 cm;

leaflets 9–19(or 21), blades obovate to broadly oblanceolate, 1.5–3.5(–5) mm.

= 14.

Dalea frutescens

Phenology

Flowering spring–early summer (fall).

Flowering late summer–fall (spring).

Habitat

Rocky grasslands, deserts, open pine or juniper woodlands.

Rocky ground, desert grasslands, scrub, open juniper or oak woodlands, often on limestone.

Elevation

900–2100 m. (3000–6900 ft.)

200–2300 m. (700–7500 ft.)

Distribution

AZ; CO; KS; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua)

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)

[WildflowerSearch map]

[BONAP county map]

Discussion

Dalea jamesii occurs from far southwestern Kansas to southeastern Arizona. In Texas, the species occurs in the northern panhandle and trans-Pecos regions.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Dalea frutescens is reported to be palatable for livestock and to decline under grazing pressure. In Texas, the species is widespread away from the coastal areas and generally from the Edwards Plateau westward to the trans-Pecos region.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source

FNA vol. 11.

Parent taxa

Fabaceae > subfam. Faboideae > Dalea

Sibling taxa

D. albiflora, D. aurea, D. bartonii, D. bicolor, D. brachystachys, D. cahaba, D. candida, D. carnea, D. carthagenensis, D. compacta, D. cylindriceps, D. emarginata, D. enneandra, D. exigua, D. exserta, D. feayi, D. filiformis, D. flavescens, D. foliosa, D. formosa, D. frutescens, D. gattingeri, D. grayi, D. greggii, D. hallii, D. lachnostachys, D. lanata, D. laniceps, D. lasiathera, D. leporina, D. lumholtzii, D. mollis, D. mollissima, D. multiflora, D. nana, D. neomexicana, D. obovata, D. ornata, D. phleoides, D. pinnata, D. pogonathera, D. polygonoides, D. pringlei, D. pulchra, D. purpurea, D. reverchonii, D. sabinalis, D. scandens, D. scariosa, D. searlsiae, D. tentaculoides, D. tenuifolia, D. tenuis, D. urceolata, D. versicolor, D. villosa, D. wrightii

D. albiflora, D. aurea, D. bartonii, D. bicolor, D. brachystachys, D. cahaba, D. candida, D. carnea, D. carthagenensis, D. compacta, D. cylindriceps, D. emarginata, D. enneandra, D. exigua, D. exserta, D. feayi, D. filiformis, D. flavescens, D. foliosa, D. formosa, D. gattingeri, D. grayi, D. greggii, D. hallii, D. jamesii, D. lachnostachys, D. lanata, D. laniceps, D. lasiathera, D. leporina, D. lumholtzii, D. mollis, D. mollissima, D. multiflora, D. nana, D. neomexicana, D. obovata, D. ornata, D. phleoides, D. pinnata, D. pogonathera, D. polygonoides, D. pringlei, D. pulchra, D. purpurea, D. reverchonii, D. sabinalis, D. scandens, D. scariosa, D. searlsiae, D. tentaculoides, D. tenuifolia, D. tenuis, D. urceolata, D. versicolor, D. villosa, D. wrightii

Synonyms

Psoralea jamesii

Name authority

(Torrey) Torrey & A. Gray: Fl. N. Amer. 1: 308. (1838)

A. Gray: Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 175. (1850)

Web links

Unless otherwise noted, all data comes from the online version of the Flora of North America, who have made most of their content available via a Creative Commons license (CC BY 4.0).

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Dalea jamesii

Dalea frutescens

Dalea jamesii

Dalea frutescens